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Czynniki wpĆywajÄ ce na brak zakupu ubezpieczeĆ rolnych na przykĆadzie powiatu wÄ growieckiego
Celem artykuĆu byĆa identyfikacja kluczowych czynnikĂłw wpĆywajÄ cych na brak ochrony ubezpieczeniowej w gospodarstwach rolnych. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badaĆ ankietowych przeprowadzonych w grupie rolnikĂłw z powiatu wÄ growieckiego. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badaĆ moĆŒna stwierdziÄ, ĆŒe rolnicy czÄsto ograniczajÄ zakres ochrony ubezpieczeniowej gospodarstwa do niezbÄdnego minimum, a decyzja o zakupie odpowiedniej polisy jest uwarunkowana wieloma czynnikami. W zaleĆŒnoĆci od rodzaju ubezpieczenia gĆĂłwnymi czynnikami determinujÄ cymi brak zakupu polisy sÄ zĆe doĆwiadczenia z zakĆadami ubezpieczeniowymi, zbyt wysoka skĆadka ubezpieczeniowa, zbyt niskie odszkodowanie czy po prostu przekonanie, ĆŒe polisa jest niepotrzebna.
Differences in Outcomes of the âModernisation of Agricultural Holdingsâ Measure Across Polish Regions
Since the Polish accession to the EU, a substantial amount of financial support has been allocated to the agricultural sector, thereby underscoring the necessity for a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and ramifications of the implemented agricultural policy. One such instrument was the âModernisation of agricultural holdingsâ which was implemented under the 2007â2013 Rural Development Program (RDP) and continued, in a slightly modified form, in subsequent programs. The primary objective of this paper was to assess whether the implementation of the âModernisation of agricultural holdingsâ has contributed to the improvement of agricultural development indicators in areas with a high number of modernization projects implemented, compared to areas with similar farming conditions but with low interest among farmers in this measure. Additionally, the analysis sought to determine whether the initial level of agricultural development was a determining factor in any observed differences in the improvement of these indicators. We compared the indicators of agricultural development calculated over two periods: 2010 and 2020 in Polish regions with similar farming conditions and similar characteristics (climatic conditions, farm size, crop structure, production direction, etc.), but different in their activity in applying for investment funds from the Modernization measure. The results demonstrate that in regions where agricultural conditions are more favorable, agricultural potential is higher, and agricultural structures are more developed, the impact of Modernization funds is negligible. Farms invariably evolve in a similar manner, irrespective of whether they have sought external support. The role of support for investment financing is significantly more pronounced in areas characterized by substantial agricultural fragmentation and predominance of small farms. In the regions of Poland where agricultural output was below the national average, the disparities in agricultural development between municipalities that received substantial Modernization funds and those that received less support were more highlighted. Thus, our findings reveal that to encourage investment in agricultural holdings, the funds should be allocated to regions with lower production potential and more fragmented agriculture, where the impact of the support is more evident.
Reasons Behind Differences in the Use of the âCarbon Farming and Nutrient Managementâ Eco-Scheme Across the Polish Territory
Today, there is an ongoing discourse on the notion of carbon farming on an international scale. The underlying factors contributing to this phenomenon are numerous. Firstly, the degradation of intensively farmed soils is increasing, and secondly, there is a clear need to restore their biodiversity. A multitude of pollutants stemming from agricultural production have incited the implementation of targeted measures, notably by the European Commission. Consequently, the adoption of the European Green Deal in Poland has prompted the agricultural sector to implement a series of modifications to its practices, with the objective of enhancing soil cultivation and animal husbandry methods. In response to these changes, the introduction of carbon farming practices is being proposed. These practices, which are to be implemented in Polish agriculture with the support of EU subsidies, are intended to mitigate the effects of climate change. This prompts further inquiry into the potential evolution of carbon farming practices and the extent of farmer interest in them. According to the available data, in Poland, 56% of the total agricultural area was covered by payments under the carbon farming eco-scheme. However, support was accessed by barely 31% of farms with an area of more than 1 ha. In turn, from a regional perspective, data analysis reveals significant regional differences in the use of support. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the structural, environmental, and production reasons behind differences in the use of the âCarbon farming and nutrient managementâ eco-scheme across the Polish territory. The headline result is that participation is strongly associated with farm structure, moderately with production performance, and only weakly with environmental status.