2025, Smolińska-Bryza, Kinga, Okereke, Obinna, Anyebe, Daniel

This article analyzes and evaluates the levels of socio-economic development of Polish voivodeships in two periods, 2010–2012 and 2020–2022. The purpose of this study was to outline regional disparities in development across the regions of Poland. To achieve the purpose of this study, 12 diagnostic characteristics were used, which were systematized by economic and social categories. Using the TOPSIS method, provinces were grouped, distinguishing between regions with the highest, high, low, and lowest levels of development. The approach adopted in this study identified changes in the processes of socio-economic development of Polish voivodeships in the analyzed years, highlighting clear spatial and structural differences. The findings can equip authorities in creating improved development plans and targeted responses to any shortcomings encountered.