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Sustainable water use for agricultural production - selected legal aspects
La cuestiĂłn de la escasez de agua en la agricultura es compleja y require de un enfoque holĂstico debido al papel que desempeña el agua en la producciĂłn agrĂcola de cada paĂs europeo, aunque en este trabajo sĂłlo se analizan las diferentes condiciones geogrĂĄficas y climĂĄticas de España y Polonia. Ambos Estados se enfrentan al problema de la sequĂa y del uso no siempre adecuado del agua en el marco de la actual PAC. Es por ello, que en objetivo de este trabajo es anĂĄlizar los instrumentos legales para mejorar el estado cuantitativo y cualitativo, tanto a nivel regional como a nivel local, del uso y la gestiĂłn del agua en la agricultura de ambos paĂses.
Comparative analysis of EU regulations associated to the green deal targets, 3.1, Antibiotics use in European Union law
Legal instruments for strengthening the position of agricultural producers in the agri-food supply chain
The article deals with issues regarding the protection of the position of an agricultural producer in the agri-food supply chain vis a vis significant differences that frequently occur in the bargaining power between suppliers and buyers of agricultural and food produce. These issues are analysed against the background of unfair trade practices. The aim of the article is to answer the question of whether the normative solutions adopted at the EU and at national levels serve to adequately strengthen the position of agricultural producers in the food supply chain. It ends with a conclusion that despite the existence of certain legal mechanisms supporting agricultural producers, the protection they provide is still insufficient.
Selected issues of legal soil protection
This article presents Finnish regulations on food information and attempts to identify those of the solutions presented that could be adopted by Polish legislators. In order to achieve this aim it examines voluntary product origin labelling, the deposit system, alcohol advertising and âGMO-freeâ labelling. Their analysis leads to the conclusion that Finland has introduced solutions that promote local patriotism and facilitate informed consumer choice by providing detailed information. The author believes that Finnish solutions such as the zero tolerance principle for âGMO-freeâ labelling and the modern deposit system could serve as good examples for Polish legislators. The introduction of similar solutions in Poland might contribute to improving consumer protection and food quality on the market.
UrzÄdowy model kontroli ĆŒywnoĆci
The subject of this article are issues related to the functioning of the food safety system in terms of institutions and administrative entities established for this purpose at the EU level. The aim of the considerations is to answer the question whether the adopted legal solutions will enable effective official control of agri-food products. They are based on the assumption that only coordinated control and monitoring programmes serve to prevent or minimise exposure to food hazards. At the same time, they should cover the entire agri-food chain, and the application of a coherent approach to official controls and enforcement measures should serve this purpose. Member States are responsible for compliance with EU legislation in this regard. They shall indicate the competent central authority or authorities to which they entrust control competences. Their specific role is, among other things, the development of procedures or solutions used to ensure the efficiency and usefulness of official controls and other official activities. Official food control is one of the most important instruments of the food safety system. Therefore, the extension of its scope to the entire agri-food sector should be evaluated positively. The EU control model created allows for its effective organisation. At the same time, it should be stressed that the environment of the agri-food chain is constantly changing, which requires constant adaptation of the official control system by the EU legislator.
The Effectiveness of Agrarian Administration as the Basis for Protecting the Confidence of Agricultural Producers in Public Authority
Abstract The subject of the article is issues related to the efficiency of agricultural administration as a basis for protecting the confidence of agricultural producers in public authority. Agricultural activity is increasingly determined by the norms of administrative law. Specific in this case, the administration is entitled to build a certain institutional environment that allows it to appoint the bodies necessary for the implementation of the instruments that affect it, and thus to determine the activity of agricultural producers in the desired direction. The purpose of the article was to answer the question of what factor affects the level of confidence in public authority in agricultural producers in the course of their agricultural activities. The article concludes that the actual level of confidence in public authority depends on many factors, including, in particular, individual and collective confidence in the effective operation of the administrative apparatus.
Jurisdiction over agricultural legal relations in Poland
El objetivo de este trabajo es plantearse la creaciĂłn de tribunales especializados en Polonia para resolver los litigios de derecho agrario. Asimismo, el estudio pretende determinar ciertas particularidades de las relaciones agrarias, e indicar las autoridades competentes para conocer de estos asuntos. Como muestran las conclusiones, la jurisdicciĂłn agraria no existe en el ordenamiento jurĂdico polaco, y no hay normas uniformes para identificar los tribunales competentes para resolver los casos agrarios. Por lo tanto, los conflictos individuales y los litigios en materia de derecho agrario se han asignado a los tribunales generales y a las autoridades de la administraciĂłn pĂșblica. En consecuencia, la jurisprudencia es heterogĂ©nea tanto en lo que respecta a las decisiones como a los procedimientos empleados. De ahĂ que el estudio haya constatado la existencia de lĂmites competenciales difusos y la inexistencia de un objeto comĂșn de las acciones interpuestas. En la prĂĄctica, tanto por lo que se refiere al fondo como al procedimiento, los asuntos agrĂcolas se clasifican como asuntos civiles o administrativos. AsĂ mismo, los jueces no estĂĄn especializados en derecho agrario. Lo anterior justifica la adopciĂłn de soluciones normativas especĂficas en la codificaciĂłn del derecho agrario, o la elaboraciĂłn de una ley especĂfica que establezca disposiciones generales al respecto. El ĂĄmbito de aplicaciĂłn de dicha norma se corresponderĂa con el campo de aplicaciĂłn de la legislaciĂłn agraria como ĂĄmbito jurĂdico independiente. AsĂ, un asunto derivado de las relaciones agrarias o, en tĂ©rminos mĂĄs amplios, un asunto agrario se basarĂa en un marco normativo general. Al analizar la cuestiĂłn se constata la necesidad de establecer un sistema jurisdiccional separado, o incluso de designar autoridades dedicadas y altamente especializadas, dotadas de independencia y autonomĂa jurisdiccionales, que podrĂan organizarse como tribunales agrarios.
The role of clusters in the agri-food supply chain - selected legal issues
Este artĂculo aborda algunos temas relacionados con el funcionamiento de la cadena de suministro agroalimentaria. Cuando estĂĄ debidamente estructurada, la cadena tiende a estabilizarse y permite salvaguardar la rentabilidad de las actividades agrĂcolas. Los clĂșsteres agroalimentarios pueden desempeñar un papel particular en este contexto. Por lo tanto, el propĂłsito de este documento es evaluar las soluciones legales implementadas a nivel nacional y de la UniĂłn que afectan directa o indirectamente la forma en que existen y funcionan los clĂșsteres. Se concluyĂł que los clĂșsteres son una herramienta para la polĂtica agrĂcola vigente. Deben verse como un mĂ©todo de colaboraciĂłn entre operadores activos en diferentes etapas de la cadena de suministro y como una forma de desarrollar los eslabones individuales de la cadena (productores agrĂcolas, empresas, etc.). Dado que pueden establecerse libremente y son elegibles para el apoyo estatal en un entorno legal amigable, son un facilitador de redes de colaboraciĂłn y relaciones econĂłmicas.
Comparative analysis of EU regulations associated to the green deal targets, 3.2, Antibiotics use in national laws. Poland
Droga do europejskiej inteligentnej edukacji w prawie rolno-Ćrodowiskowym w warunkach kryzysu COVID-19 (EDULAW)
Agricultural crises - selected legal aspects of drought
Abstract The specific nature of agriculture, and in particular its natural conditions, imply the occurrence of specific risks leading increasingly to crisis situations. These result in agricultural producers being unable to cope on their own with worsening production and consequently living conditions, and in extreme cases abandoning agricultural activity. A recurrent negative phenomenon in recent years that causes many losses is drought. Its occurrence is a certain challenge for the legislator, who, by eans of specific legal norms, at least to a limited extent, can shape the existence of agricultural producers and protect them from abandoning agricultural activity. The aim of this article is to assess the legal norms adopted at EU and national level which affect agricultural producers in the context of the occurrence of drought. Furthermore, it aims to answer the question of whether and to what extent the legislator protects their livelihoods. The approach of the national and EU legislator with regard to the forms of support provided should be assessed positively. The national legislator, on the basis of the dispositions contained in the EU law, supports agricultural producers in the face of the occurrence of crisis situations, however, it should take into account the necessity of adopting additional, special solutions in this respect strengthening the livelihood of producers.
Legal and economic instruments to support agricultural producers in the face of crises and strengthen their position in the supply chain
Informatyzacja administracji publicznej na przykĆadzie spraw z zakresu rolnictwa i rozwoju obszarĂłw wiejskich - wybrane zagadnienia prawne
Public administration bodies perform a number of tasks with regard to agricultural public registers. Nowadays, a very important factor contributing to the improvement and optimisation of these registers is their computerisation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to answer the question whether the legal regulations proposed at the EU and national level in order to organise public registers in agriculture allow their efficient operation in Poland and thus enable the fulfilment of their functions via the ICT system. The authors conclude that the stage of computerisation of official registers containing data on farmers and their activities in Poland should be assessed quite positively. There is no doubt that the aim of computerisation in public administration is to make the processes comprehensible and transparent, as well as to enable their continuous adaptation to the changing information and communications technologies. Hence, further rapid development requires more financial and organisational investment.
