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New distributional data on bryophytes of Poland, 19
This work presents a list of localities for 11 species of liverworts and mosses collected in the Karkonosze Mountains (SW Poland), mainly in the subalpine and alpine zones in the years 2013–2024: Harpanthus flotovianus, Lewinskya striata, Lophozia wenzelii, Mylia anomala, Obtusifolium obtusum, Orthotrichum patens, Pulvigera lyellii, Scapania parvifolia, Schljakovia kunzeana, Splachnum sphaericum and Tetralophozia setiformis. Most of the specimens were gathered during field work conducted in 2020 for the monitoring of high-mountain vegetation on permanent plots in the Karkonosze National Park. All specimens have been determined by P. Górski, M. Smoczyk and S. Wierzcholska.
Marsupella subemarginata (Gymnomitriaceae, Marchantiophyta) Newly Found in the Carpathians in the Polish and Slovak Tatras
Abstract Marsupella subemarginata Bakalin & Fedosov is a semi-cryptic Eurasian species. Recently, it has been found in the Far East (Kamchatka and Japan) and Swiss Alps, as well as the Giant Mountains (Sudetes, Czech Republic). The plant was also observed in the Carpathians for the first time. A revision of the herbarium collections of M. emarginata (Ehrh.) Dumort. consisting of 102 specimens from the Polish and Slovak Tatra Mountains revealed the occurrence of M. subemarginata at 24 localities, eight of which were in the Polish Tatras. Most of the localities of this species were concentrated in the High Tatras, and only four sites were discovered in the Western Tatras. Marsupella subemarginata has been briefly characterized morphologically and illustrated. The habitat requirements of the species have been described in detail, and the floristic composition of its phytocoenoses has been shown in a phytosociological table consisting of 10 relevés. Marsupella subemarginata is a valuable addition to the liverwort flora of Poland and Slovakia, which currently consist of 241 and 232 species, respectively. Currently, the liverwort flora of the Tatras comprises 195 species, including 185 species in Poland and 186 species in Slovakia.
Comparative Organellar Genomics of Pellidae: Insights into Codon Usage, Nucleotide Diversity, and Structural Evolution
Liverwort organellar genomes are generally highly conserved, but the subclass Pellidae (simple thalloids) shows unusual variation. This ancient yet unexplored lineage of simple thalloid liverworts provides an excellent model for investigating organellar genome evolution. In this study, we assembled four new plastid and four new mitochondrial Pellidae genomes using Oxford Nanopore sequencing, supplementing 86 plastomes and 82 mitogenomes from databases. We assessed nucleotide diversity and codon usage, and inferred phylogenies using IQ-TREE with fossil-calibrated dating. Plastomes ranged 120.6–126.5 kb, and mitogenomes 109–180 kb, with Apopellia endiviifolia featuring an exceptionally reduced mitogenome (~109 kb). Native RNA sequencing enabled a revised annotation of the mitochondrial atp1 gene in Apopellia, revealing two introns (previously thought absent) and reducing the intergenic region share to 36.26%, the lowest known among liverworts. Comparative analyses revealed contrasting evolutionary dynamics between organelles: Plastomes displayed higher nucleotide diversity and phylogenetically inconsistent codon usage patterns, likely influenced by compositional bias, whereas mitogenomes were more conserved and largely consistent with established phylogenetic relationships among the orders. Phylogenomic analyses yielded discordant topologies: Chloroplast data recovered Pellidae as a monophyletic clade, whereas mitochondrial data placed Pelliales (Pellia/Apopellia) as basal Jungermanniopsida, rendering Pellidae paraphyletic. Within Pellidae-relevant clades, several major divergences were dated to the Carboniferous–Permian, but with systematic chloroplast–mitochondrial offsets. These results highlight recurrent organellar incongruence and the dynamic evolutionary history of Pellidae organellar genomes.