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The Arterial Circle of the Brain in the Bawean Deer (Axis kuhlii)
The Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) is a small deer species endemic to the island of Bawean in Indonesia. The species is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN Red List. The current population is assessed to be less than 500 adults living in the wild. The cerebral arterial circle (also called the circle of Willis) is an anastomosis of arteries that supply the brain. The aim of this study was to describe the arterial vascularization of the brain in this species. Three different methods were used to obtain a complete arterial pattern of this region—latex injection, corrosion cast, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. The arterial vascularization of the brain was described. The pattern of the arterial vessels supplying the brain in this species was similar to that described previously by ruminants. The vessel with the biggest lumen branching off from the circle of Willis was the medial cerebral artery. The basilar artery is a vessel with a narrow lumen and does not mediate the delivery of blood to the encephalon from the caudal side. The results of the study may be useful in creating veterinary protocols for treating vascular diseases in this species and further studies from the field of pathophysiology or pathology.
Blood supply to the cranial cavity in the patagonian mara (Dolichotis patagonum)
AbstractRodents are the most numerous order of mammals. The literature presents information on the arterial circle of the brain in capybara, the guinea pig of the family Caviidae and many other not so closely related rodent species. Information on the blood supply to the brain is often incomplete and focuses on one pathway in a broader comparative aspect. The supply of oxygen and nutrients to the brain is very important for its proper functioning. The aim of this study is to describe the pathways supplying blood to the cranial cavity and to describe the arterial circle of the brain in the Patagonian mara. The study was conducted on 46 specimens using two methods. The first of them used a stained solution of the chemo-setting acrylic material. The second one, the colored liquid LBS 3060 latex. The arterial circle of the brain is a heart-shaped structure. It is formed by rostral cerebral arteries, caudal communicating arteries and the basilar artery. Blood supplies the arterial circle of the brain in three ways. First one is the basilar artery, which originates from the vertebral arteries. The second one is the internal carotid artery which joins a branch from the external ophthalmic artery. The third is the internal ophthalmic artery, which branches from the external ophthalmic artery.