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Spatial Differentiation in the Use of Rural Development Programme Funds for the Environment in Poland for the Periods 2007–2013 and 2014–2020
The purpose of this paper is to assess the changes in agricultural producers’ use of funds allocated for environmental measures under the 2007–2013 RDP (Rural Development Program) and 2014–2020 RDP in Poland. The extent to which environmental CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) funds are used was examined on a geographic basis, so as to take account of socioeconomic and environmental characteristics of districts. Correlation analysis and a cartographic method were used. The study found growing differences in how the funds are used between territorial units. The analysis of correlation provided grounds for concluding that a relationship exists between the share of environmental funds used in total RDP payments and environmental conditions, mostly including the share of permanent pasture in the structure of agricultural land (0.515 in 2014–2020). Conversely, no relationship was discovered between the level of wealth and the local agrarian structure (0.249 and 0.327 in 2014–2020). The analysis of differences between territorial units revealed that in some geographic areas that had the potential for being granted environmental funds, the farmers decided not to apply for them. Based on the above, it was concluded that the potential beneficiaries’ activity in that respect is largely impacted not only by their environmental awareness and attitude but also by historical events.
The role of short food supply chains in Kosovo’s agriculture
Short food supply chains (SFSCs) and local markets, where farmers sell directly to consumers, are expanding across the EU, offering alternatives to conventional food chains that limit small farmers’ bargaining power and consumer traceability. In the EU, 15% of farms sell over half of their production directly. For Kosovo’s agricultural sector, SFSCs present new opportunities. This study examines SFSCs in Kosovo using data from 2,500 respondents. The findings show that 54% rely on oral contracts, 20% on written agreements, and distributors use multiple sourcing channels. SFSCs can enhance sustainability, trust, equality and growth in agriculture, business, and rural policy.
Protected products in the European Union - selected economic aspects
The aim of the paper is to present the situation of the protected products market in the European Union in terms of their supply. To protect the names of specific products, their unique characteristics, and the traditional manufacture, a quality scheme with the following designations: Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), Geographical Indication (GI) and Traditional Specialty Guaranteed (TSG) was introduced in the European Union. EU databases such as eAmbrosia, GIview and European Commissions reports were used in this study. Recently available data and, to show changes, data for 2013-2023 were used. Conducting research proved the role of protected agri-food products is growing, both in terms of value and quantity. This may indicate that food producers are becoming more active in submitting products to the protected product system, which is also beneficial to consumers. However, there are large disparities among EU countries in terms of producers activity in registering products. Most of the agri-food products on the register of protected products come from southern Europe countries. The structure of registered agri-food products is dominated by vegetables and fruits, cheeses, and meat and meat products.
The impact of economic crises on youth unemployment in rural areas of the European Union
Aim: The objective of this study was to research the vulnerability of youth unemployment in rural areas of the European Union to the global financial crisis of 2007 and COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The Eurostat data were used to show the differences in unemployment rates of young people in rural areas before and after the financial crisis of 2007 and the COVID-19 pandemic. The results were compared with the data for older people as well as young people living elsewhere using Eurostat database age groups. Results: The results demonstrate that young people in rural areas are more severely affected by the crises compared to other analysed groups. However, the pace of recovery from high unemployment in this group is higher compared to urban areas. The authors also found that in EU countries where unemployment rates increased significantly after the 2007 financial crisis, young people in rural areas continue to face high unemployment rates above the EU average. Implications and recommendations: In order to design rural development programmes to support job creation it is of crucial importance to monitor levels of the rural youth labour market. Moreover, active labour policies, such as training and education, should be undertaken with the objective of increasing flexibility of young people in the rural labour market. Originality/value: The novelty of this research lies in its empirical demonstration that youth unemployment in rural areas is particularly vulnerable. Therefore, it warrants special attention in policy-making.
Powszechny Spis Rolny 2010 - Gospodarstwa rolne w Polsce na tle gospodarstw Unii Europejskiej - wpływ WPR
The Environmental and Climatic CAP Measures in Poland vs. Farmers’ Expectations - Regional Analysis
The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union remains at the top tier of the union’s legacies with the aim of bequeathing a sustainable future for all. Series of actions geared towards reforming the environmental and climate goals of the CAP are constantly being taken. The objective of this paper is to verify if the environmental and climatic CAP measures proposed in Poland’s Strategic Development Plan for Agriculture, for the years 2023–2027, reflect farmers’ preferences regarding the structure of the CAP support. To achieve this goal, we model a hypothetical strategic game involving farmers from different regions. The outcomes of the game were derived from the ex-post analysis of EU funds, in the application for environmental and climatic CAP measures, in addition to the results of simulations of the partial equilibrium model for the agricultural sector (CAPRI). It was found out that farmers from regions with disadvantaged agrarian structures would find it more difficult to cope with new eco-schemes due to the fact that good agricultural practices are rather low in such regions. For the long-term development of Polish agriculture, the agrarian structures need to be improved, as this affects the emission of greenhouse gases. The varying preferences of farmers from different Polish regions in implementing eco-schemes can be balanced by increasing redistributive payments.
Poland
This V4 Grant project led by AKI aims chiefly to provide comprehensive knowledge about the current situation and future opportunities regarding the sustainability objectives and activities of the food, beverages and tobacco industries in the V4 countries from an EU Taxonomy perspective, with a view to promoting environmental-friendly solutions. The research team focused on strengthening macroregional and sectoral cooperation by means of a taxonomy- centred, qualitative and quantitative analysis of voluntary and mandatory sustainability reports of large companies in the food processing industries using a sectoral financial database. We accomplished this unique scientific study in order to provide new, high-quality information for key stakeholders (experts, companies, financiers, consumers, political decision makers) in order to help them realise more effective changes within the green transition process, with a particular focus on switching from NFRD to CSRD. Our analysis focused on the leading large companies in the food processing industries of the V4 countries. These groups were called financial samples in the research. We investigated the position of these financial samples in relation to the whole industry, country by country as well as within subsectors. The financial concentration of the food processing industries of the V4 countries was the first main assumption of the research. In the next step, sustainability samples of V4 region were identified country by country. For this purpose – within the financial samples – we selected those companies that had sustainability documents available online. The core of the comprehensive research was the detailed content analysis of the online sustainability documents of large food processing firms included in the sustainability samples along the objectives and activities of the EU Taxonomy, applying a unique relative scoring method. As a conclusion of the research, we highlighted the most important taxonomy objectives and activities obtained, based on the relative scoring method in each V4 country, and compared the results, emphasising both similarities and differences. In this study, we have presented an approach and a methodology that could be the basis for future follow-up research. At the same time, the presented approach and methodology could also be expanded and developed both geographically and methodologically. At the end of the book, we describe the novelty and limitations of our research and provide some ideas for further development.