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Socio-Economic Determinants of Climate-Smart Agriculture Adoption: A Novel Perspective from Agritourism Farmers in Nigeria
The existing body of scholarly work on the adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) in Africa and Nigeria has predominantly concentrated on the experiences and practices of smallholder farmers. While these studies offer valuable insights into the general factors that influence the adoption of CSA practices, their findings may not be fully applicable to the burgeoning agritourism farmers in Nigeria. This study presents a novel perspective on the socio-economic determinants of CSA adoption among the nascent agritourism farmers in Nigeria. The data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire administered to 436 agritourism farmers in Nigeria. The five mutually inclusive endogenous variables that capture the impact of CSA practices were agroforestry system, improved livestock management, organic farming, crop rotation/intercropping, and farmer field schools. While the agritourism farmers possess moderate experience and education, significant gaps exist in access to critical resources like credit, climate information, extension services, and membership in agritourism cooperatives/associations. The multivariate probit (MVP) model revealed that agritourism farming experience significantly boosts crop rotation/intercropping adoption. Education enhances organic farming uptake but negatively impacts improved livestock management. Similarly, extension services access promotes farmer field schools while discouraging organic farming. Significant negative covariance matrix between CSA practices suggests overlapping demands for limited farm resources.
Underdevelopment of Agri- and Rural Tourism in the Agrarian Regions of Northern Kazakhstan: Determinants of the Underdog
Despite the significant potential of diverse natural, agricultural, cultural, and historical resources, Northern Kazakhstan, as well as the whole country, demonstrates the underdevelopment and unpopularity of agritourism and rural tourism. By Kazakh standards, it is characterized by relatively well-developed agriculture. At the same time, it is characterized by a monopolized rural labor market, lack of a service sector, low incomes, and progressive depopulation of the population. During the implementation of the research project, secondary data analysis (content, historical, statistical) were used. According to the study, the key factors determining the paradoxical underdevelopment of rural tourism and agritourism in a key agricultural region include the state policy of supporting agriculture, the conservatism of farmers, and passive rural stakeholder attitudes, which are influenced by the Soviet past. In addition, the lack of attractiveness of rural tourist and recreational resources in the eyes of travelers plays a significant role. To activate the tangible and intangible assets of rural areas in order to develop the tourism and hospitality industry, both administrative and utilitarian measures are proposed that can diversify the rural economy. This paper is not only a case study of tourism barriers in Kazakhstan, but a theory-informed diagnosis of rural modernization failure.
Factors of agricultural production and the possibility of agricultural GMO production in Ghana
This research work aims to pinpoint the actual production factors that are deteriorating and explore the essence of genetically modified organism (GMO) in helping to combat the degrading nature of production factors in Ghana. Agriculture has always employed dynamic processes from seed sowing to harvest over the years, but there are key factors that are non-negotiable in the sector, production factors. There has been diverse research and view on what production factors are inclusive in agriculture’s production factors. This notwithstanding, aside these divergent views, land, labour and capital still remain the most essential part of the production factors in agriculture. Ghana just like any other country has employed these factors but is lagging in hitting the productivity mark. There has been numerous research works, to dissect the roadblocks to agriculture yields in Ghana. Genetically modified organism as a section of biological innovation will be of an immerse and complete supplement to the production factors in Ghana if we look forward to achieving a bountiful agriculture harvest. The paper comprises selected facts and opinions on the GMO production development in Ghana in the nearest future and some factors influencing the development of GM food production, including land, labour and capital in Ghanaian agriculture.