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Factors Determining Buying Behavior on the Organic Food Market in the Visegrad Group CountriesâUsing Canonical Correlation Analysis
Consumers are increasingly seeking ecological, organic, minimally processed food from certified organic farms. Consumer purchasing decisions in the organic food market are determined by various factors. The main objective of the article is to identify the range and direction of multidimensional relationships between the frequency of purchasing organic food and the factors that determine purchasing decisions. For this purpose, a canonical analysis was performed. Statistical data were obtained from survey research conducted in Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, and Hungary (600 questionnaires filled in each country) from December 2023 to March 2024. Research shows that the key factor that influences purchasing decisions with respect to organic food is its high quality. In countries such as Poland, Czechia, and Slovakia, this feature received the highest percentage of indications as very important, 53%, 44%, and 54%, respectively. In the second place, respondents indicated production without agricultural chemicals and food additives (in Hungary, this factor was considered the most important, with a percentage of indications at the level of 77%). In all the countries of the Visegrad Group, the influence of famous people, celebrities, and bloggers seems to be the least importantâ40.7% of respondents in Slovakia considered them completely unimportant, and as many as 73% in Hungary. Fashion was similarly rated low. In the case of this factor, the percentage of indications as unimportant ranged from 31% (Slovakia) to 76% (Hungary).
Barriers to the Consumption of Organic Food in Visegrad Group Countries
The consumption of organic food fits into the sustainable development goals and constitutes a justification for the further development of organic farming. The research aimed to identify the most important limitations to the growth of organic food consumption in the Visegrad Group countries and to indicate the differences and similarities in their perception. Therefore, at the turn of 2024, a survey was conducted among consumers in each of the countries of the Visegrad Group on a population of 600 people using an identical survey questionnaire. The research shows that in all four countries, the most important barrier to the growth of organic food is its high price, which is of great importance to Slovak consumers. The low availability and narrow offer, as well as insufficient information on organic food, were also important for consumers. On average, over 80% of the surveyed consumers rate the price level of organic food as high â the highest percentage was observed in Slovakia and the lowest in Czechia. Also, approximately 80% of the surveyed can accept a price up to 20% higher than conventional food. In the opinion of the respondents, the most important factors that would increase organic food consumption include lowering its prices, increasing income, and expanding the offer and availability.
Being a product consumer during the COVID-19 pandemic: profile of the Polish consumer in the organic dairy market
PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to determine the profile of dairy product consumers in the organic market.Design/methodology/approachThe study was based on a survey questionnaire developed by the author and administered to a total of 1,108 respondents. The statistical analysis (including descriptive statistics, the analysis of the discriminative function and the Chi2 test was performed with the use of Statistica 13.1 PL. The respondentsâ gender was the factor behind the differences in how they behaved.FindingsThe consumers indicated the channels they rely upon to find information on organic dairy products; in addition to trusting the opinions of their family members and experts, they also use web platforms. Further, they specified their preferred locations for buying favorite products during the pandemic: specialized organic food shops, large distribution chains and online stores.Practical implicationsThese outcomes will help in identifying target consumer segments and information channels for specific information and advertising messages. They also form an important resource for developing some potential strategies which the supply chain stakeholders could implement to promote organic consumption of dairy products.Originality/valueThis study identifies consumersâ preferred dairy products; motives for purchasing organic dairy products; barriers that consumers believe exist in the market; sources of knowledge about products purchased by consumers; and consumersâ preferred channels for purchasing organic dairy products. To the best of the authorâs knowledge, this is the first study of dairy product consumers in the organic market in Poland.
AtrakcyjnoĹÄ i preferowanie wybranych form turystyki na obszarach wiejskich Polski Wschodniej â w badaniu opinii i wyborĂłw turystĂłw
Turystyka wiejska moĹźe stanowiÄ jednÄ z form turystyki alternatywnej, a wypoczynek âbliĹźej naturyâ przysporzyÄ najwiÄcej korzyĹci miejscowej ludnoĹci i przedsiÄbiorcom turystycznym. Celem niniejszego artykuĹu byĹa ocena atrakcyjnoĹci wybranych elementĂłw turystyki na obszarach wiejskich Polski Wschodniej. W realizacji postawionego celu posĹuĹźono siÄ wynikami badaĹ ankietowych przeprowadzonych od czerwca do wrzeĹnia 2020 r. wĹrĂłd 570 respondentĂłw. Ze wzglÄdu na ograniczenia epidemiologiczne obowiÄ zujÄ ce w okresie realizacji badania ankieta byĹa przeprowadzona za pomocÄ narzÄdzi teleinformatycznych, czÄĹÄ kwestionariuszy zostaĹa zaĹ uzyskana metodÄ wywiadu bezpoĹredniego. NajczÄĹciej wybieranÄ przez respondentĂłw formÄ uprawianej turystyki na terenach wiejskich okazaĹa siÄ agroturystyka oraz turystyka emocji polegajÄ ca na odwiedzaniu wiosek tematycznych, natomiast najrzadziej turystyka kulinarna. Ankietowani najbardziej cenili moĹźliwoĹÄ kontaktu ze zwierzÄtami, bliski kontakt z przyrodÄ , ciszÄ i spokĂłj, aktywny wypoczynek oraz poznanie kultury lokalnej. WĹrĂłd elementĂłw atrakcyjnoĹci turystycznej badanego obszaru respondenci najwyĹźej ocenili walory przyrodnicze, bazÄ gastronomicznÄ Polski Wschodniej, a takĹźe walory kulturowe.
Identification of the Quality Gaps in the Services Offered in Accommodation Facilities in Rural Areas: The Case of the Lublin Region
The quality of services offered in accommodation facilities is one of the factors determining the development of this business activity. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly examine the level of customer satisfaction, their expectations and needs. The systematic collection and analysis of the opinions of tourists make it possible to learn about their changing expectations and allows the service providers to adapt to them. The purpose of the research that constituted the basis of this article was to identify the quality gaps in the services provided in the accommodation facilities in rural areas of the region of Lublin. The Servqual method was used in the study, thanks to which it was possible to assess the quality criteria and the validity of the provided service. A total of 699 respondents took part in the research. According to the study, the reliability and timeliness of the service, the adherence to the terms and conditions of the service, as well as the willingness to solve customersâ problems, were of the greatest importance for the clients, while the completeness and reliability of the advertising materials turned out to be the least important. With the obtained results, it can be concluded that the expectations of the customers in the accommodation facilities in rural areas exceed the actual state of the offered services. The areas that need to be improved, such as reliability and empathy, were identified.