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Marsupella subemarginata (Gymnomitriaceae, Marchantiophyta) Newly Found in the Carpathians in the Polish and Slovak Tatras
Abstract Marsupella subemarginata Bakalin & Fedosov is a semi-cryptic Eurasian species. Recently, it has been found in the Far East (Kamchatka and Japan) and Swiss Alps, as well as the Giant Mountains (Sudetes, Czech Republic). The plant was also observed in the Carpathians for the first time. A revision of the herbarium collections of M. emarginata (Ehrh.) Dumort. consisting of 102 specimens from the Polish and Slovak Tatra Mountains revealed the occurrence of M. subemarginata at 24 localities, eight of which were in the Polish Tatras. Most of the localities of this species were concentrated in the High Tatras, and only four sites were discovered in the Western Tatras. Marsupella subemarginata has been briefly characterized morphologically and illustrated. The habitat requirements of the species have been described in detail, and the floristic composition of its phytocoenoses has been shown in a phytosociological table consisting of 10 relevés. Marsupella subemarginata is a valuable addition to the liverwort flora of Poland and Slovakia, which currently consist of 241 and 232 species, respectively. Currently, the liverwort flora of the Tatras comprises 195 species, including 185 species in Poland and 186 species in Slovakia.
Znaczenie leszczyny w formowaniu struktury glebowych zgrupowań skoczogonków w lasach grądowych Wigierskiego Parku Narodowego
A comparative analysis of the taxonomic and ecological structure of collembolan assemblages in the subcontinental oak-hornbeam forests of the Wigierski National Park with different projective coverages of hazel was carried out. The obtained results indicated that the fauna of the Collembola in the studied forests of the Wigierski NP is represented by 51 species belonging to 31 genera and 11 families. The fewest species were recorded in the areas without hazel, and the most were recorded with its participation. The obtained data indicate that the absence of hazel or its small presence leads to a decrease in the species richness of Collembola assemblages. On the other hand, the presence of hazel in the experimental plots of the oak-hornbeam forest allows more species of Collembola to survive both at the level of point and coenotic alpha-diversity richness according to P. Whittaker. This may indicate that in the studied forest communities with a significant presence of hazel, the capacity of the environment for Collembola increases, compared to those where hazel is absent or represented by a small number of woody shrubs. However, the detected changes in the studied taxocenes are insignificant and relate mainly to indicators of inventory species richness according to P. Whittaker, as well as the numerical ratio of species.
Parmelia submontana Nádv. ex Hale – new records in Poland
Parmelia submontana is quite a rare epiphytic lichen in both Poland and central Europe. In Poland, it grows mainly in the mountains and in the northern part of the country. We found eight new localities of P. submontana, in northern and southwestern Poland. We report it here as a new species for Wigry National Park. Distribution of the species in Poland is presented on the map.
Wątrobowce zebrane w Tatrach w trakcie XIX warsztatów terenowych Sekcji Briologicznej Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego
Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań florystycznych przeprowadzonych w trakcie warsztatów terenowych Sekcji Briologicznej Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego w Tatrach w 2022 roku. Eksploracje prowadzono w czterech obszarach, po dwa w Tatrach Wysokich i Zachodnich. Łącznie zinwentaryzowano 82 gatunki wątrobowców. Największą bioróżnorodność odnotowano w Tatrach Wysokich, w Waksmundzkim Żlebie i na północnych stokach Mięguszowieckich Szczytów. Po raz pierwszy w polskiej części Tatr Wysokich odnaleziono dwie rośliny – <i>Jungermannia polaris</i> i <i>Scapania calcicola</i>. Dla trzech gatunków ustalono nowe maksima wysokościowe w skali całego masywu tatrzańskiego. Są to: <i>Bazzania flaccida</i> (2201 m n.p.m.), <i>Mesoptychia heterocolpos</i> (2201 m n.p.m.) oraz <i>Solenostoma confertissimum</i> (2254 m n.p.m.). Jeden arktyczno-alpejski gatunek, <i>Scapania cuspiduligera</i>, odnotowano na nowym minimum wysokościowym (1027 m n.p.m.). W prezentowanym wykazie 11 wątrobowców znajduje się na polskiej, czerwonej liście gatunków zagrożonych. Do tej grupy należą: <i>Anastrophyllum michauxii</i> (kategoria VU), <i>Bazzania flaccida</i> (VU), <i>Calypogeia suecica</i> (VU), <i>Eremonotus myriocarpus</i> (VU), <i>Frullania tamarisci</i> (VU), <i>Lophoziopsis longidens</i> (VU), <i>Marsupella boeckii</i> (VU), <i>Metzgeria conjugata</i> (VU), <i>M. pubescens</i> (VU), <i>Neoorthocaulis binsteadii</i> (VU) oraz <i>Schljakovianthus quadrilobus</i> (VU). W puli stwierdzonych wątrobowców siedem ma swoje jedyne stanowiska w Polsce na terenie Tatr, a 19 to rośliny arktyczno(subarktyczno)-alpejskie.
Wątrobowce jako wskaźniki sukcesji odtwarzającej siedliska borealnych świerczyn bagiennych w Dolinie Czarnej Hańczy (Wigierski Park Narodowy)
The research problem discussed in the paper concerns the reaction of cryptogams (liverworts) to changes in the habitat and microclimate of the forest interior, which occur in the successive sequence closing the return of the forest to the former grassland (meadow or pasture) in the river valley. The study was conducted on two groups of habitats and groups of species occurring in them, i.e. epigeic and epixylic liverworts. The research results showed that when forests returned to former grassland (meadow or pasture), the soil habitat regenerated faster. The recreation of epixylic flora is a long process.
New distributional data on bryophytes of Poland, 19
This work presents a list of localities for 11 species of liverworts and mosses collected in the Karkonosze Mountains (SW Poland), mainly in the subalpine and alpine zones in the years 2013–2024: Harpanthus flotovianus, Lewinskya striata, Lophozia wenzelii, Mylia anomala, Obtusifolium obtusum, Orthotrichum patens, Pulvigera lyellii, Scapania parvifolia, Schljakovia kunzeana, Splachnum sphaericum and Tetralophozia setiformis. Most of the specimens were gathered during field work conducted in 2020 for the monitoring of high-mountain vegetation on permanent plots in the Karkonosze National Park. All specimens have been determined by P. Górski, M. Smoczyk and S. Wierzcholska.
Comparative Organellar Genomics of Pellidae: Insights into Codon Usage, Nucleotide Diversity, and Structural Evolution
Liverwort organellar genomes are generally highly conserved, but the subclass Pellidae (simple thalloids) shows unusual variation. This ancient yet unexplored lineage of simple thalloid liverworts provides an excellent model for investigating organellar genome evolution. In this study, we assembled four new plastid and four new mitochondrial Pellidae genomes using Oxford Nanopore sequencing, supplementing 86 plastomes and 82 mitogenomes from databases. We assessed nucleotide diversity and codon usage, and inferred phylogenies using IQ-TREE with fossil-calibrated dating. Plastomes ranged 120.6–126.5 kb, and mitogenomes 109–180 kb, with Apopellia endiviifolia featuring an exceptionally reduced mitogenome (~109 kb). Native RNA sequencing enabled a revised annotation of the mitochondrial atp1 gene in Apopellia, revealing two introns (previously thought absent) and reducing the intergenic region share to 36.26%, the lowest known among liverworts. Comparative analyses revealed contrasting evolutionary dynamics between organelles: Plastomes displayed higher nucleotide diversity and phylogenetically inconsistent codon usage patterns, likely influenced by compositional bias, whereas mitogenomes were more conserved and largely consistent with established phylogenetic relationships among the orders. Phylogenomic analyses yielded discordant topologies: Chloroplast data recovered Pellidae as a monophyletic clade, whereas mitochondrial data placed Pelliales (Pellia/Apopellia) as basal Jungermanniopsida, rendering Pellidae paraphyletic. Within Pellidae-relevant clades, several major divergences were dated to the Carboniferous–Permian, but with systematic chloroplast–mitochondrial offsets. These results highlight recurrent organellar incongruence and the dynamic evolutionary history of Pellidae organellar genomes.
Reproductive and persistence strategy of the liverwort Arnellia fennica after the last glaciation in the area of disjunction in Central Europe (Polish Tatra Mountains, carpathians)
Nowe gatunki grzybów makroskopijnych w biocie Wigierskiego Parku Narodowego
In the year 2021 mycological investigations were carried out in the Wigierski National Park (NE Poland). Fifteen 0.04-ha plots, including 5 with low proportion of hazel (< 30%) and 10 with high proportion of hazel (≥ 75%) in the understory, were established in phytocoenoses of a mesophilous oak-linden hornbeam forest (Tilio cordatae-Carpinetum betuli). Macrofungi were surveyed on these plots during the summer and autumn season based on the presence/absence of sporocarps. As a result, 320 taxa of fungi have been recorded, which accounts for ca 28% of macrofungi biota of the park. During this survey 28 species new to this area have been found. The paper provides information about their localities and habitats.
Relikty puszczańskie we florze wątrobowców Tatr (Karpaty Zachodnie). Część 1. Lista gatunków
Niniejsze opracowanie prezentuje listę 11 gatunków wątrobowców występujących w Tatrach, które spełniają kryteria roślin wskaźnikowych lasów puszczańskich. Pierwsza taka propozycja, obejmująca 7 gatunków, pojawiła się w 1996 roku i dotyczyła flory Puszczy Białowieskiej. Z dotychczasowej "niżowej" listy usunięto 3 gatunki oraz dodano 7 nowych. Aktualny wykaz reliktów obejmuje następujące wątrobowce: Anastrophyllum michauxii, Crossocalyx hellerianus, Frullania fragilifolia, F. jackii, Fuscocephaloziopsis catenulata, Harpanthus scutatus, Lophoziopsis longidens, Metzgeria violacea, Porella arboris-vitae, Scapania apiculata i S. carinthiaca. W publikacji omówione są kryteria wyboru gatunków wskaźnikowych oraz zasoby i rozmieszczenie poszczególnych roślin w Tatrach i Polsce. Dla najrzadszych roślin podano nowe stanowiska w Tatrach.
Wątrobowce (Marchantiophyta) i glewiki (Anthocerotophyta) Wielkopolskiego Parku Narodowego.
Wielkopolski Park Narodowy, od momentu powstania i w obecnych granicach, nie był nigdy przedmiotem odrębnych badań dotyczących flory wątrobowców i glewików. Najważniejsze opracowanie z tego obszaru przedstawił Feliks Krawiec w 1933 roku, dokumentując występowanie 22 gatunków wątrobowców i 1 glewika. Niniejsza publikacja przedstawia wyniki badań prowadzonych w latach 2020, 2021 i 2023. Na terenie Parku stwierdzono obecność 33 gatunków wątrobowców i 2 glewików, w tym 9 niepodawanych dotychczas na tym obszarze. Najcenniejszym wątrobowcem, zagrożonym wyginięciem i objętym ochroną ścisłą w Polsce, jest pallawicinia Lyella (<i>Pallavicinia lyellii</i>) rosnąca na 2 stanowiskach (Jezioro Skrzynka i Sarnie Doły). Pozostałe gatunki chronione reprezentują <i>Porella platyphylla</i> (ochrona ścisła) oraz <i>Fossombronia wondraczekii</i>, <i>Frullania dilatata</i>, <i>Nowellia curvifolia</i> i <i>Ptilidium ciliare</i> (częściowa). Najważniejszym obszarem dla zachowania różnorodności wątrobowców Parku są torfowiska przylegające do Jeziora Skrzynka.
Notatki florystyczne z Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego
This paper presents new localities of rare, threatened and newly discovered vascular plant species in Tatra National Park (S Poland). Data were collected during field studies carried out mainly in 2020–2022. We have described 122 localities of 57 taxa, including 10 new once for the local flora, providing basic topographic, site and population data.
The organellar genomes of Pellidae (Marchantiophyta): the evidence of cryptic speciation, conflicting phylogenies and extraordinary reduction of mitogenomes in simple thalloid liverwort lineage
AbstractOrganellar genomes of liverworts are considered as one of the most stable among plants, with rare events of gene loss and structural rearrangements. However, not all lineages of liverworts are equally explored in the field of organellar genomics, and subclass Pellidae is one of the less known. Hybrid assembly, using both short- and long-read technologies enabled the assembly of repeat-rich mitogenomes of Pellia and Apopellia revealing extraordinary reduction of length in the latter which impacts only intergenic spacers. The mitogenomes of Apopellia were revealed to be the smallest among all known liverworts—109 k bp, despite retaining all introns. The study also showed the loss of one tRNA gene in Apopellia mitogenome, although it had no impact on the codon usage pattern of mitochondrial protein coding genes. Moreover, it was revealed that Apopellia and Pellia differ in codon usage by plastome CDSs, despite identical tRNA gene content. Molecular identification of species is especially important where traditional taxonomic methods fail, especially within Pellidae where cryptic speciation is well recognized. The simple morphology of these species and a tendency towards environmental plasticity make them complicated in identification. Application of super-barcodes, based on complete mitochondrial or plastid genomes sequences enable identification of all cryptic lineages within Apopellia and Pellia genera, however in some particular cases, mitogenomes were more efficient in species delimitation than plastomes.