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Emission intensities in EU countriesʼ food production systems and their market resilience during the 2020 global economic turmoil
Stan i pożądane kierunki rozwoju systemu wiedzy i innowacji w rolnictwie (AKIS) w Polsce w świetle globalnych wyzwań
Stability of food security in EU member states – does the common agricultural policy ensure resilience of food systems during crises?
Pandemia Covid-19, a następnie inwazja Rosji na Ukrainę spowodowała globalną recesję, zakłócenia łańcuchów dostaw, wysoką inflację, wzrost długu publicznego, ale także niestabilność na rynkach żywności w skali globalnej. Wynikające z tych wydarzeń niedobory żywności, a także pogorszenie dostępności ekonomicznej produktów spożywczych pogłębiły nierówności na świecie i zaostrzyły problem braku bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego. Celem badania była ocena poziomu i stabilności bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego krajów UE na tle innych krajów świata oraz odpowiedź na pytanie, czy wspólna polityka rolna (WPR) spełniła swoją rolę w tworzeniu odpornych systemów żywnościowych. Ocenę stabilności trzech wymiarów bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego w różnych krajach świata dokonano w oparciu o Globalny Indeks Bezpieczeństwa Żywnościowego (GFSI). Badania wykazały, że sytuacja w zakresie bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego w UE jest bardzo dobra na tle świata, o czym świadczy fakt, że wśród 20 krajów o najwyższym wskaźniku GFSI aż 12 to kraje UE. WPR jest czynnikiem zarówno poprawiającym bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe w państwach członkowskich UE, jak i stabilizującym jego i tak już wysoki poziom.
Potential Changes in Land Use and Plant Production in Poland in the Context of Implementing the European Green Deal
The purpose of this paper is to identify the potential changes in agricultural land use in Poland as a consequence of implementing the European Green Deal, including its potential economic effects. The study covered crops of key importance to Polish agriculture, cultivated in a total area of 8.2 million ha, which accounts for more than 60% of land in good agricultural condition. The analyses were based on average values for 2016–2020 and used three scenarios for EGD implementation by 2030 (no EGD; partial implementation of the EGD; full implementation of the EGD). Each analysis took account of changes in the area of land under conventional, organic and precision farming systems. The study found that EGD requirements can be met by implementing the precision farming system, especially for intensive farming schemes like rape and sugar beet. Organic farming should be used either for extensively farmed cereals like oat or for fruits which are sold at higher prices when farmed organically. Another finding is that the full implementation of the EGD could decrease the production volume of key Polish crops by 13%, which can have important social impacts, such as increased prices of food products or a deterioration of food security.
Twenty Years of Poland’s EU Membership: What Is Progress in the Agri-Food Sector?
The paper aims to assess the dynamics of production and income in Polish agriculture against the agriculture in the entire EU and estimate the trade-related effects of participation in the Single European Market over the 20 years of Poland’s EU membership. The analyses showed that a positive phenomenon observed in Polish agriculture after joining the EU was a stable upward trend in agricultural production and the strengthening of farm links with the agricultural market. This was followed by increased agricultural income. Incorporation into the Single European Market triggered an increase in the value of Polish trade in agri-food products. Poland strengthened its position as a net exporter of agri-food products and proved the ability of the food industry to compete effectively in foreign markets. Except for cognitive value, the research can be a benchmark for other countries aspiring to EU membership and constitute a justification for their move toward accession. Long-run ex post analysis of trends in production, income, and foreign trade offers a background for assessing the efficiency of agricultural and trade policy actions taken up to date. The recommendation arising from the analysis and the new conditions related to the European Green Deal and the liberalization of trade policy for the import of agri-food products from outside the European Union is as follows: given the benefits of the liberalization of foreign trade in agri-food products, it should be supported, but it should not be allowed to make agricultural production in the country unprofitable or threaten food self-sufficiency.