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The Effect of Organic Materials with Different Degrees of Decomposition on the Content of Nickel in the Lettuce Leaves Cultivated in Mineral Soil
Four taxa of Spiraea were selected for this study: S. Ă cinerea Zabel âGrefsheimâ, S. nipponica Maxim. âSnowmoundâ, S. splendens Ă. N. Baumann ex K. Koch and S. Ă vanhouttei (Briot) CarriĂšre growing for a minimum of 5 years along heavily trafficked traffic routes. This study included the genus Spiraea due to its popularity in horticultural practice (commercial availability, widespread in urban environments). In addition, the use of ornamental shrubs for phytoremediation in urban green spaces effectively combines the aesthetic needs of residents with those of caring for the urban environment. This study was conducted in PoznaĆ (population 550,000, the fifth largest city in Poland). Soils and foliage were examined in spring and autumn. Soil pH and specific electrolytic conductivity (EC) were determined. The content of micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn) and toxic heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb) in soil dry matter and leaves was determined. The uptake capacity of bioavailable forms of heavy metals by Spiraea from the soil was analyzed by determining the bioconcentration factor (BCF). It was found that the studied taxa meet the basic requirements for plants used for soil phytoremediation processes, especially for chromium phytoextraction. The degree of salinity of the tested soils did not pose a threat to the shrubs growing there, and most of the sites, despite the alkaline reaction, are suitable for their cultivation. S. Ă cinerea and S. Ă vanhouttei have BCFs for lead <1. The remaining taxa are characterized by strong concentrations of all analyzed elements. A particularly high BCF, above 10, was recorded for chromium and high for manganese and nickel.
Potential of Selected Species of Spiraea L. for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals from Soils of Urban Areas
Four taxa of Spiraea were selected for this study: S. Ă cinerea Zabel âGrefsheimâ, S. nipponica Maxim. âSnowmoundâ, S. splendens Ă. N. Baumann ex K. Koch and S. Ă vanhouttei (Briot) CarriĂšre growing for a minimum of 5 years along heavily trafficked traffic routes. This study included the genus Spiraea due to its popularity in horticultural practice (commercial availability, widespread in urban environments). In addition, the use of ornamental shrubs for phytoremediation in urban green spaces effectively combines the aesthetic needs of residents with those of caring for the urban environment. This study was conducted in PoznaĆ (population 550,000, the fifth largest city in Poland). Soils and foliage were examined in spring and autumn. Soil pH and specific electrolytic conductivity (EC) were determined. The content of micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn) and toxic heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb) in soil dry matter and leaves was determined. The uptake capacity of bioavailable forms of heavy metals by Spiraea from the soil was analyzed by determining the bioconcentration factor (BCF). It was found that the studied taxa meet the basic requirements for plants used for soil phytoremediation processes, especially for chromium phytoextraction. The degree of salinity of the tested soils did not pose a threat to the shrubs growing there, and most of the sites, despite the alkaline reaction, are suitable for their cultivation. S. Ă cinerea and S. Ă vanhouttei have BCFs for lead <1. The remaining taxa are characterized by strong concentrations of all analyzed elements. A particularly high BCF, above 10, was recorded for chromium and high for manganese and nickel.
The Effect of Increasing Doses of Heavy Metals on Seed Germination of Selected Ornamental Plant Species
The primary goal of this study was to assess how two techniques for applying progressively higher doses of zinc and cadmium impact seed germination of selected ornamental plant species. The experiments were conducted in the accredited laboratory of the W. Legutko Breeding and Seed Company in Jutrosin, along with the Department of Plant Physiology at PoznaĆ University of Life Sciences. Seeds from two ornamental species, Eschscholzia californica Cham. and Coreopsis lanceolata, were utilized. Two methods were used to treat the seeds with heavy metal solutions, involving four distinct two-factor experiments, each comprising eight combinations. This methodology adhered to the current ISTA guidelines. Germination energy was assessed after 7 days, while germination capacity was measured after 14 days. The two methods exhibited different effects on germination capacity and energy. The technique for treating seeds with heavy metal solutions and the duration of exposure to the metals play a significant role in germination. Soaking Eschscholzia californica Cham. seeds in increasing doses of zinc and cadmium solutions for 10 min before sowing showed no significant effect on their energy or germination capacity. Likewise, soaking Coreopsis lanceolata seeds in zinc solutions for 10 min before sowing did not significantly influence their energy and germination capacity. However, soaking Coreopsis lanceolata seeds in cadmium solutions for 10 min before sowing did not notably affect their germination capacity but significantly diminished their germination energy. Extended exposure of seeds placed on blotting paper soaked in cadmium sulfate and zinc sulfate solutions across all concentrations reduced energy and germination capacity for Eschscholzia californica Cham. and Coreopsis lanceolata seeds.
Concentration of heavy metals in urban allotment soils and their uptake by selected vegetable crop species - a case study from GorzĂłw Wielkopolski, Poland
Determination of the effect of nickel on the emergence and chemical composition of lettuce seedlings grown in rockwool
Chemical composition, nitrate content, and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown under different concentrations of NaCl
Determination of the Effect of Organic Matter Addition to Mineral Soil on Nickel Detoxification in Radish, Its Yield, Nitrogen Metabolism and Chloroplast Pigments
Understanding soil properties that govern physicochemical and biological processes is essential for achieving high crop quality and yield. Organic matter is an important element of soil fertility and fertility in vegetable cultivation. In the process of decomposition of organic matter in the soil, humus of various quality is formed. The quality of humus depends on the content of individual acids (fulvic, humic and hymatomalanic acids) in it, which can affect the bindingâchelation of heavy metals, limiting their availability to plants. The conducted studies determined the effect of adding organic matter (high peat, brown coal and wheat straw) to mineral soil on nickel detoxification in radish, its yield, nitrogen management and chloroplast pigments. The studies were conducted for three years in a greenhouse in a container system. The tested substrates were contaminated with nickel in the amount of 50, 75 and 100 mg dmâ3. It was found that introducing organic matter into mineral soil can affect the reduction as well as the increase in nickel content in edible parts of radish. The type of organic material introduced into mineral soil as a source of organic matter has a significant impact on nickel content in radish. It was shown that nitrate reductase activity (NR) depends to a large extent on the substrate in which the plants are grown as well as on the applied dose of nickel. A similar relationship was demonstrated in the case of changes in the level of chloroplast pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids).
The Effect of Foliar Spray Treatments with Various Biostimulants and Fertilisers on the Growth of M.9 Rootstock Stoolings
An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of applying half a dose of a mineral fertiliser combined with a foliar treatment with four biostimulants and two fertilisers in relation to a full dose of a mineral fertiliser. The M.9 rootstock stoolings were sprayed four times during their growth. Each year of the experiment, the height, the diameter, the fresh weight of leaves and the leaf surface area of all stoolings were measured. The efficiency of rootstocks from one mother plant was assessed. Some parameters of physiological processes as well as the content of micro- and macronutrients in the leaves were also assessed. The research results showed that the reduced dose of the mineral fertiliser with foliar treatment did not significantly decrease the growth parameters of the M.9 rootstock stoolings. Some foliar treatments, especially Bioamino Plant and Bispeed, resulted in higher fresh weight and larger leaf area of the stoolings. The treatment with the Bioamino Plant biostimulant and two foliar fertilisers resulted in parameters of the physiological processes of stoolings that were the same as or better than those in the control plants. After the foliar application of two fertilisers, the content of macronutrients in the leaves of the stoolings was usually the same as in the control. The treatment with the biostimulants resulted in a lower content of most macronutrients in the plants (N, K and Ca). The only exception was the higher magnesium content than in the control after the treatment with all biostimulants and the same phosphorus content after the treatment with most of the biostimulants. The Aminoplant and Bispeed biostimulants increased the accumulation of iron in the leaves, whereas the Basfoliar 6-12-6 fertiliser resulted in higher zinc and copper content than in the control plants.