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The Effects of Lead and Cross-Talk Between Lead and Pea Aphids on Defence Responses of Pea Seedlings
The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of lead (Pb) at various concentrations, as an abiotic factor, and the cross-talk between Pb and pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), as a biotic factor, on the defence responses of pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L. cv. Cysterski). The analysis of growth parameters for pea seedlings demonstrated that Pb at a low concentration, i.e., 0.025–0.0625 mM Pb(NO3)2, caused a hormesis effect, i.e., stimulation of seedling growth, whereas Pb at higher concentrations, i.e., 0.01–0.325 mM Pb(NO3)2, inhibited growth, which manifested as the inhibition of length and fresh biomass. The differences in the level of the main defence-related phytohormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)—an auxin stimulating plant cell growth—depended on the dose of Pb, aphid infestation and direct contact of the stress factor with the organ. A high accumulation of soluble sugars in the organs of pea seedlings both at sublethal doses and hormetic doses at early experimental time points was observed. At 0 h and 24 h of the experiment, the hormetic doses of Pb significantly stimulated invertase activities, especially in the roots. Moreover, an increase was observed in the pisatin concentration in pea seedlings growing in the presence of different concentrations of Pb and in the case of cross-talk between Pb and A. pisum in relation to the control. Additionally, a significant induction of the expressions of isoflavone synthase (IFS) and 6α-hydroxymaackiain 3-O-methyltransferase (HMM) genes, which participate in the regulation of the pisatin biosynthesis pathway, in pea seedlings growing under the influence of sublethal 0.5 mM Pb(NO3)2 and hormetic 0.075 mM Pb(NO3)2 doses of Pb was noted. The obtained results showed that the response of P. sativum seedlings depends on the Pb dose applied, direct contact of the stress factor with the organ and the duration of contact.
The role of silver nanoparticles in yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) defense response to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lupini
In Memoriam: Professor Philippe Jeandet – an outstanding scientist and his legacy in natural product chemistry and bioactivity
Professor Philippe Jeandet was one of the world’s leading biologists and plant biochemists, best known for his research on the chemical structure of natural products and their bioactivity, particularly that of stilbenoids. His scientific interests primarily focused on resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), a stilbene with a wide range of biological activities. Additionally, his work highlighted the potential of combining pharmacological treatments with the use of natural products of plant origin, which have made significant contributions to the treatment of various diseases. He leaves behind a legacy of groundbreaking research and a lasting influence in the field. He was also involved in research on sugar signaling during plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress factors, as well as the role of signaling molecules in fruit development. His scientific achievements demonstrate that he was, first and foremost, a dedicated scientist – but also a honourable colleague who understood and respected the work of others.
Udział sacharydów i jasmonianów w odpowiedzi obronnej kiełkujących nasion łubinu (Lupinus luteus L.) na Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lupini
The effect of silver nanoparticles and cross-talk of silver nanoparticles and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lupini on ultrastructure of root cap cells of Lupinus luteus L.
Application of silver and selenium nanoparticles to enhance plant-defense response against biotic stressors
Abstract The present review discusses the role of silver (AgNPs) and selenium (SeNPs) nanoparticles at different concentrations in the regulation of plant defence responses to the biotic stressors. Study of the role of the above nanoparticles (NPs) has generated considerable interest because these caused significant changes in the framework of plant growth and their metabolism and play an important role in responses to biotic stress factors. Numerous results of metabolomics studies provide evidence that NPs change the profile of metabolites and their concentrations. NPs were applied as potential tools to improve the growth of plants, plant tolerance to abiotic stresses and food production, but research on the environmental safety of their use in agriculture is still necessary. The response of plants to the application of NPs depends on their concentration, plant species, exposure time and stage of development.