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Mass Spectrometric Study of the Most Common Potential Migrants Extractible from the Inner Coatings of Metallic Beverage Cans
Population exposure to endocrine disrupting chemical- bisphenols, which are used commonly in food containers and drinking water pipes in Europe, is above acceptable health and safety levels, according to updated research data. In order to evaluate the most abundant potential migrants in canned sweetened beverages marketed in Poland, we performed the HPLC-MS screening test of the migrants present in the can coating material. The analyzed samples represented the three top-ranked companies of the global soft drink market; it is reasonable to assume that the obtained data are of global validity. The tested can coatings and beverages contained bisphenols conjugates such as five butoxyethanol (BuOEtOH) adducts with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), one butoxyethanol adduct with bisphenol A monoglycidyl ether (BAMGE), and cyclo-di-BADGE. The performed HPLC-MS/MS analysis in the MRM mode enabled evaluation of the concentrations of the detected conjugates in canned beverages which were found to be very low, namely at the level of 1 µg/L. On the other hand, the high consumption of canned beverages may yield a risk associated with the presence of these compounds in the diet. The subsequent HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS experiments allowed, for the first time, a detailed determination of the fragmentation pathways of the detected migrants as well as detection of the isomers of the two migrants, namely BADGE + BuOEtOH and BADGE + BuOEtOH + HCl.
Post-Column Guanosine Addition as a Screening Tool in the Search for Effective G-Quadruplex Binders - A Case Study of Achyrocline satureioides Phenolic Compounds
Polyphenols make a numerous and diverse group of plant secondary metabolites exhibiting remarkable anticancer activities, often attributed to their G-quadruplex binding properties. Therefore, there is a need to develop a high–throughput screening assay which would permit the evaluation of polyphenols’ binding properties toward G-quadruplex. As deoxyguanosine and guanosine are essential and key building blocks of G-quadruplexes, the stabilities of their adducts with polyphenols may reflect the stabilities of polyphenols–G-quadruplex adducts. In this study, deoxyguanosine/guanosine post-column addition experiments have been performed during HPLC-MS analysis of Achyrocline satureioides extract. The stabilities of the deoxyguanosine/guanosine adducts with 3-O-methylquercetin-7-O-glucoside, 4′-hydroxydehydrokawain-4′-O-glucoside, and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid—compounds identified in the Achyrocline satureioides extract—have been tested by using collision-induced dissociation ‘in-source’. The obtained results show that the identified compounds form more stable adducts with deoxyguanosine and guanosine than the standards used for comparison, namely isoquercitrin and rutin. The performed molecular docking provided some insight into the structure of the adducts and revealed that multiple interactions are of key importance for their stabilities.