The Significance of Genotype-Environment Interaction in Horticulture and Arboriculture and Methods of Its Analysis

Genotype-environment (G×E) interactions play a critical role in shaping the phenotype of crops and fruit trees. In horticulture and arboriculture, G×E interaction analysis enables the identification of genotypes best suited to specific environmental conditions, which is essential for plant breeding, optimizing production, and adapting to climate change. This paper discusses classical and modern methods of G×E interaction analysis, including statistical models, advanced bioinformatics tools, and the potential for integrating environmental and genetic data. Practical applications in horticulture and arboriculture are highlighted, and directions for future research are proposed.