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  4. Green Leaf Volatile Function in Both the Natural Defense System of Rumex confertus and Associated Insects’ Behavior
 
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Green Leaf Volatile Function in Both the Natural Defense System of Rumex confertus and Associated Insects’ Behavior

Type
Journal article
Language
English
Date issued
2023
Author
Piesik, Dariusz
Łyczko, Jacek
Krawczyk, Krzysztof
Gantner, Magdalena
Bocianowski, Jan 
Ruzsanyi, Veronika
Mayhew, Chris A.
Faculty
Wydział Rolnictwa, Ogrodnictwa i Biotechnologii
PBN discipline
agriculture and horticulture
Journal
Applied Sciences (Switzerland)
DOI
10.3390/app13042253
Web address
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/4/2253
Volume
13
Number
4
Pages from-to
art. 2253
Abstract (EN)
Rumex confertus is a rhizomatous, invasive, and difficult to control plant. Nevertheless, for sustainable agriculture, studies to biologically control R. confertus continue. Towards this, considerable attention has been devoted to investigating the emission of a wide array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from herbivore-damaged plants, which are known to induce protection measures in neighboring, undamaged plants. The goals of this study are to (1) determine if the profile of green leaf volatiles (GLVs), which are organic compounds naturally produced by undamaged plants, is similar to that provoked by the chemical stimulants Z-jasmone (ZJA) and dihydrojasmone (DJA), (2) establish if the Apion miniatum beetle’s reproductive choices are influenced by their sex and mating status, and (3) assess if chemically stimulated GLV emissions can be used as signals to attract pests to R. confertus for biological control purposes. Synthetic forms of naturally produced Z-jasmone (ZJA) and dihydrojasmone (DJA), which can act as either an attractant or a repellent of various species of insects, were used to treat R. confertus. In olfactory analysis, the behavioral responses of individual insects to mated and unmated insects and to two GLV blends were evaluated. It was found that unmated male insects were fairly equally divided between going for food (Y-tube olfactometer arm with a GLV blend) and opportunities for reproduction (Y-tube olfactometer arm with unmated females). However, an increase in the GLV blend concentration attracted the insects. Meanwhile, unmated females were definitely indifferent to food and, independent of the GLV blend dose, were more interested in reproduction. Mated males, even with weak feed stimuli, increased their reproduction activity, in opposition to mated females. We provide evidence that synthetic GLV blends can be used to attract predators, making their use an effective means to biologically control R. confertus. The idea of applying synthetic GLVs as a biological control is based on the insects’ mutual relationships, which work as follows: (i) mated males fully invade the weed, (ii) reproduction-driven females follow the mated males to R. confertus, and (iii) the unmated males follow the females with the purpose to reproduce. Therefore, all insect groups (mated and unmated males and females) can be induced to invade the weed. Upon feeding, the insects will damage the generative organs of R. confertus. We propose that the use of chemical stimulants to increase GLV emissions can be effectively used for weed (here R. confertus) control by attracting a plant pest (here A. miniatum).
Keywords (EN)
  • synthetic green leaf volatile st...

  • pest control

  • invasive plants

  • ecological chemistry

  • sustainable agriculture

  • Y-tube olfactometer

License
cc-bycc-by CC-BY - Attribution
Open access date
February 9, 2023
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