Importance of birds and bats in the diet of the striped polecat (Ictonyx striatus) in archaeological heritage Old Dongola (Sudan)

Deserts present unique challenges to the survival of various animal species, particularly mammals, which must develop special adaptations to thrive in these harsh environments. However, some species may take advantage of human-induced changes, such as the development of infrastructure, even established in ancient times. Then, this study examines the diet composition of the striped polecat (Ictonyx striatus) at the archaeological site of Old Dongola in Sudan. Through non-invasive faecal analysis, we identified 205 prey items from 139 scats, including insects, birds, and bats. Our findings suggest that the striped polecat’s predation on birds and bats could help mitigate damage to archaeological sites caused by guano. These results highlight the dietary plasticity of the striped polecat and its potential role in preserving archaeological heritage by naturally controlling pest populations.