Greenly Synthesized Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles (MnO NPs) In Tumor Therapy: A Narrative Review

One of the most destructive diseases of the twenty-first century is cancer, which has raised serious concerns among medical professionals and academics. To win the battle against cancer, a variety of therapy modalities are being investigated. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the leading fields of the science having tremendous application in diverse disciplines (9). It employs knowledge from the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, health sciences, and engineering (10). In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in nanotechnology applications to medicine in order to prevent and treat diseases in the human body (11). In the past two decades, manganese oxide nanomaterials (MONs) and their derivatives have attracted a growing attention for applications in bioimaging, biosensing, drug/gene delivery, and tumor therapy thanks to the tunable structures/morphologies, unique physical/chemical properties and excellent biosecurity. Green synthesis of MnNPs using raw materials, vegetables and fruits, plant extracts, microorganisms and fungi has advantages of non-toxic, environmentally friendly, clean and low-cost. Given the variety of their mechanisms, green produced MnNPs are a prospective source of new anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. By activating apoptotic signal transduction pathways or inhibiting angiogenic signaling in cancer cells, MnNPs showed anti-proliferative activity against colon, liver, cervical, breast, melanoma, and prostate cancer cells. For the treatment of cancer, metal nanotherapy like MnO NPs are given research consideration. Manganese oxide plays a role as a drug carrier by improving retention and tissue penetration. MnOx NPs have been suggested to possess enzyme-like activities, including oxidase, peroxidase, catalase, SOD, and glutathione peroxidase. The biocompatibility obtained by green synthesis points to its potential usage not just in particular cancer conditions but also in other types of cancer with no risk of these compounds' toxicity. These therapeutic strategies might prove helpful not only in these particular cancer cases but also in other proliferative disorders. Due to the low risk of toxicity of these compounds, the biocompatibility obtained through green synthesis suggests its potential use in various biomedical applications.