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  4. The Influence of Drying Sewage Sludge with the Addition of Walnut Shells on Changes in the Parameters and Chemical Composition of the Mixture
 
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The Influence of Drying Sewage Sludge with the Addition of Walnut Shells on Changes in the Parameters and Chemical Composition of the Mixture

Type
Journal article
Language
English
Date issued
2024
Author
Kujawiak, Sebastian 
Makowska, Małgorzata 
Waliszewska, Bogusława 
Janczak, Damian 
Brózdowski, Jakub 
Czekała, Wojciech 
Zyffert, Artur
Faculty
Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Inżynierii Mechanicznej
Wydział Leśny i Technologii Drewna
Journal
Energies
ISSN
1996-1073
DOI
10.3390/en17184701
Web address
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/18/4701
Volume
17
Number
18
Pages from-to
art. 4701
Abstract (EN)
One method of preparing sludge for management and use is solar drying. To intensify the drying process, natural lignocellulosic additives can be used to alter the structure of the sludge and accelerate water evaporation. Light, hard materials with low absorption capacity are best suited for this purpose, e.g., walnut shells, which are unused waste. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the evaluation of walnut shells on the sludge drying process and to assess the impact of the drying process on the chemical, physical, and fuel properties of the additive. The moisture content, crushing strength, chemical composition, and physical and fuel properties of mixtures were determined. A small addition of walnut shells (25%) was found to accelerate the drying process even in winter and spring (up to 30 days) compared to sludge without additives. Walnut shells retain their chemical composition and strength despite unfavourable conditions and a chemically aggressive environment, indicating they may be reused. The mixture containing sewage sludge and walnut shells has a calorific value of 15.6 MJ/kg, which is similar to wood; it is also fully biodegradable and suitable as a fertiliser to improve soil structure, as it contains approx. 80–90% DM (including approx. 40% carbon, 3% nitrogen, and other elements, such as phosphorus and potassium.)
Keywords (EN)
  • sewage sludge

  • solar drying

  • walnut shells

License
cc-bycc-by CC-BY - Attribution
Open access date
September 21, 2024
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