Vascular flora in communal cemeteries of the Poznań (western Poland)

In 2015–2018, both communal cemeteries in Poznań were studied: Junikowo and Miłostowo (covering nearly 100 ha each). In total, 603 species of vascular plants were found there: 34 in the tree layer, 109 in the shrub layer, and 460 in the herb layer. Their vascular flora includes 350 cultivated taxa (58.1%) mostly in the herb layer (228 species, 37.9% of the total). Native species planted in the herbaceous layer in both cemeteries included Aegopodium podagraria, Armeria elongata, Campanula rapunculoides, Dryopteris filix- -mas, Lysimachia nummularia, Origanum vulgare, and Sedum reflexum. Among protected, rare, and interesting ornamentals in the studied cemeteries, particularly noteworthy are e.g. Alyssum saxatile, Aquilegia vulgaris, Asarum europaeum, Aster alpinus, Colchicum autumnale, Corydalis solida, Dianthus gratianopolitanus, Erica tetra lix, Fritillaria meleagris, Galanthus nivalis, Gypsophila paniculata, Hepatica nobilis, Iris sibirica, Jovibarba sobolifera, Lathyrus latifolius, Leucoium vernum, Matteucia struthiopteris, Myosotis sylvatica, Poa chaixii, Polemonium coeruleum, Polygonatum multiflorum, Salvia nemorosa, Thymus praecox, and Trollius europaeus. The most commonly cultivat ed herbs are represented by some recently introduced species, e.g. Arabis caucasica, Begonia sempervirens, B. tuberhybrida, Bellis perennis ‘Plena’, Cerastium bibersteinii, as well as species introduced before the year 2000 (culA), e.g. Convallaria majalis, Galanthus nivalis, Saponaria officinalis, and Vinca minor. All the above-men tioned species are classified as funeral species, typical of cemeteries in Poland