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Haploidyzacja żyta - diagnostyka molekularna oraz wpływ nanomolekuł na wspomaganie indukcji i regeneracji roślin w warunkach in vitro
Wpływ traktowania kłosów selenianem sodu i mannitolem na efektywność kultur pylnikowych pszenicy zwyczajnej
New Prospects for Improving Microspore Embryogenesis Induction in Highly Recalcitrant Winter Wheat Lines
Among various methods stimulating biological progress, double haploid (DH) technology, which utilizes the process of microspore embryogenesis (ME), is potentially the most effective. However, the process depends on complex interactions between many genetic, physiological and environmental variables, and in many cases, e.g., winter wheat, does not operate with the efficiency required for commercial use. Stress associated with low-temperature treatment, isolation and transfer to in vitro culture has been shown to disturb redox homeostasis and generate relatively high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), affecting microspore vitality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether controlled plant growth, specific tiller pre-treatment and culture conditions could improve the potential of microspores to cope with stress and effectively induce ME. To understand the mechanism of the stress response, hydrogen peroxide levels, total activity and the content of the most important low-molecular-weight antioxidants (glutathione and ascorbate), as well as the content of selected macro- (Mg, Ca, NA, K) and micronutrients (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mo) were determined. These analyses, combined with the cytological characteristics of the microspore suspensions, allowed us to demonstrate that an increased microspore vitality and stronger response to ME induction were associated with higher stress resistance based on more efficient ROS scavenging and nutrient management. It was shown that a modified procedure, combining a low temperature with mannitol and sodium selenate tiller pre-treatment, reduced oxidative stress and improved the effectiveness of ME in winter wheat lines.
Haploidyzacja żyta - diagnostyka molekularna oraz wpływ nanomolekuł na wspomaganie indukcji i regeneracji roślin w warunkach in vitro
Haploidyzacja żyta - diagnostyka molekularna oraz wpływ nanomolekuł na wspomaganie indukcji i regeneracji roślin w warunkach in vitro
Transcriptomic Characterization of Genes Harboring Markers Linked to Maize Yield
Background: It is currently believed that breeding priorities, including maize breeding, should focus on introducing varieties with greater utility value, specifically higher yields, into production. Global modern maize breeding relies on various molecular genetics techniques. Using the above mentioned technologies, we can identify regions of the genome that are associated with various phenotypic traits, including yield, which is of fundamental importance for understanding and manipulating these regions. Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of candidate genes associated with maize yield. To better understand the function of the analyzed genes in increasing maize yield, their expression in different organs and tissues was also assessed using publicly available transcriptome data. Methods: RT-qPCR analyses were performed using iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) and CFX96 Touch Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Each of the performed RT-qPCR experiments consisted of three biological replicates and three technical replicates, the results of which were averaged. Results: The research results allowed us to select three out of six candidate genes (cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1—CCR1, aspartate aminotransferase—AAT and sucrose transporter 1—SUT1), which can significantly affect grain yield in maize. Not only our studies but also literature reports clearly indicate the participation of CCR1, AAT and SUT1 in the formation of yield. Identified molecular markers located within these genes can be used in breeding programs to select high yielding maize genotypes.
Haploidyzacja żyta - diagnostyka molekularna oraz wpływ nanomolekuł na wspomaganie indukcji i regeneracji roślin w warunkach in vitro
Evaluation of the stability of quantitative traits of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) by AMMI analysis
AbstractAgronomical traits of crop plants exhibit quantitative variation that is controlled by multiple genes and is dependent on environmental conditions. The main objective of this study was to decipher the genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) for six yield-related traits of 25 winter oilseed rape (WOSR) genotypes using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The genotypes chosen included canola cultivars, our newly developed WOSR breeding lines, yellow-seeded, semi-resynthesized and mutant genotypes, together with ogu-INRA F1 hybrids and their parental lines. These were tested in field trials at two locations over three growing seasons. Field experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates. We recorded the beginning of flowering, seed yield (SY) and SY components, the number of siliques per plant, the length of siliques, the number of seeds per silique, and the weight of 1000 seeds. The average SY in six environments varied from 16.55 to 41.64 dt·ha−1. The AMMI analysis showed significant effects of both G and E, as well as GEI, for the above traits. In this study, we observed that the climate condition, especially precipitation in addition to the soil type were the most influential factors on the SY and SY-trait value. Seed yield was positively correlated with: the number of siliques per plant, the length of siliques, the number of seeds per silique and the weight of 1000 seeds. We also found that our new ogu-INRA F1 hybrids, as well as cultivars Monolit, Mendel, Starter and Sherlock, showed stability for the analyzed traits.