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Uwarunkowania reformy struktury organów kontroli żywności - Potrzeba wprowadzenia zmian systemowych w Polsce
The cost and intensity of chemical protection in the production of winter weat in Poland depending on the weat production scale on farm
This paper aims at investigating pesticides used by farmers and their costs in Poland for winter wheat protection. Based on data collected in 2020 from the market survey among 1,299 growers, an analysis of how farm size determines pesticide usage, and their costs was conducted. A significant interrelationship was found. The average cost of pesticide used in wheat cultivation in 2020 was 85.61 EUR/ha, and the median was 77.24 EUR/ha. The average cost of herbicide was 28.62 EUR/ha with a median of 27.40 EUR/ha. Respectively, the cost for fungicide was 47.90 and 40.68 EUR/ha, while for insecticides farmers spent on average 2.28 EUR/ha. Along with the increased farm size, the protection cost and number of treatments increased, too. Farm size also had an impact on particular herbicide strategies. Smaller farms much more often chose spring herbicide to manage weeds, while bigger ones used herbicide in autumn. In the article, we showed the importance of farm size for the strategies adopted by them. This is particularly important in the era of limiting the use of pesticides and the EU’s Green Deal policy. It is also becoming important to promote agrotechnics that reduce the number of pesticide treatments.
Does Financial Power Lead Farmers to Focus More on the Behavioral Factors of Business Relationships with Input Suppliers?
Developments in agriculture is reshaping the agribusiness landscape, altering farms’ bargaining power and strategic positioning within supply chains. These dynamics raise important questions about how financial strength influences farmers’ preferences for different components of business relationships with input suppliers. The primary objective of this study is to examine the relationship between a farm’s financial power and the importance it assigns to the behavioral dimension in such relationships. To address this objective, we employ a two-stage research design. In the first stage, qualitative interviews with farmers were conducted to identify the key attributes contributing to relationship value, encompassing economic, strategic, and behavioral dimensions. In the second stage, a quantitative survey was administered to 249 farmers, supplemented with financial data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The Maximum Difference Scaling (MaxDiff) method was applied to assess the relative importance of these attributes, followed by statistical analysis linking the observed preferences to a composite indicator of financial power. The results indicate that financially stronger farms place greater emphasis on economic factors while attaching less importance to behavioral aspects. Among less financially powerful farms, two distinct patterns emerge: one characterized by opportunistic, price-oriented behavior, and another reflecting a relational orientation that values trust, communication, and long-term cooperation alongside economic conditions. These findings contribute to a better understanding of business relationships in agribusiness by explaining how financial power shapes the trade-off between economic and behavioral components.
Evolution of motivation in co‐creation: Recruit, retain and complete in a project on new food product co‐creation
The study explores the motivation of consumers to join and participate in new product co‐creation, distinguishing between recruitment before, retainment during and finalizing of a co‐creation project. The research is based on follow‐up interviews with participants in a project covering the initial stages of new food product development (i.e., idea generation, idea screening and concept development) involving older consumers and carried out in a physical environment. Different motivation factors were deemed important by consumers before, during and at the closure of the project. Consumers joined the project motivated by curiosity and desire to meet new people. While performing the creative tasks, they continued the engagement due to the positive anticipation and enjoyment of new activities, as well as positive feedback loops. At the closure of the project, the usefulness of outcomes and the received recognition became important and strengthened the perceived creative self‐efficacy of participants. The findings offer useful recommendations for organizers of co‐creation, enabling the recruitment and retainment of consumers who could successfully deliver creative outputs and complete the project. The study offers novel insights relevant to participatory innovations looking at the temporal dimension of motivation to co‐create and highlights the dynamic changes in salience of the motivation factors.