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Pork liver tissue-specific peptide markers for food authenticity testing and adulteration detections
The effect of storage method on selected physicochemical and microbiological qualities of wild boar meat
AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated the influence of the storage method on the physicochemical characteristics and microbial growth of m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), m. biceps femoris (BF) and m. vastus lateralis (VL) of wild boar. Muscles were stored in a vacuum (VAC), in a modified high‐oxygen atmosphere (MAP) or meat seasoning cabinet (DRY‐AGED) for 21 days.RESULTSWild boar meat was characterised by a high protein and low fat content and a good amount of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) pH values were noted for DRY‐AGED muscles stored for 21 days (up to 5.89 for VL). On day 21, a significant decrease in pH was noted for all MAP muscles (down to 5.23 for BF). Storage losses due to desiccation and water loss were significantly higher for DRY‐AGED samples and ranged from 25.63% to 32.89% on day 21. MAP affected protein and lipid oxidation, which was also reflected in Warner–Bratzler shear force VAC and DRY‐AGED had positive results regarding tenderness, whereas on day 21 the MAP‐stored meat had toughened significantly (from 35.3 N to 50.7 N in LTL). Lipids were oxidised much faster than proteins during prolonged storage in MAP. Compared to the other methods, DRY‐AGED had the best effect on microbial growth.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that the recommended methods for the storage of wild boar meat are either vacuum packing or dry ageing. The high oxygen content of MAP negatively affected the quality of wild boar meat and carried a risk of increased protein carbonylation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Shotgun Lipidomic Analysis for Differentiation of Niche Cold Pressed Oils
The fast-growing food industry is bringing significant number of new products to the market. To protect consumers’ health and rights, it is crucial that food control laboratories are able to ensure reliable quality testing, including product authentication and detection of adulterations. In our study, we applied a fast and eco-friendly method based on shotgun-lipidomic mass spectrometry for the authentication of niche edible oils. Comprehensive lipid profiles of camelina (CA), flax (FL) and hemp (HP) seed oils were obtained. With the aid of principal component analysis (PCA), it was possible to detect and distinguish each of them based on their lipid profiles. Lipidomic markers characteristic ofthe oils were also identified, which can be used as targets and expedite development of new multiplexed testing methods.
Sposób wykrywania i identyfikacji mięsa królika w produktach spożywczych, zestaw do wykrywania i identyfikacji mięsa królika w produktach spożywczych oraz jego zastosowanie
Comparing different chemometric approaches to detect adulteration of cold-pressed flaxseed oil with refined rapeseed oil using differential scanning calorimetry
Flaxseed oil is one of the best sources of n-3 fatty acids, thus its adulteration with refined oils can lead to a reduction in its nutritional value and overall quality. The purpose of this study was to compare different chemometric models to detect adulteration of flaxseed oil with refined rapeseed oil (RP) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Based on the melting phase transition curve, parameters such as peak temperature (T), peak height (h), and percentage of area (P) were determined for pure and adulterated flaxseed oils with an RP concentration of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50% (w/w). Significant linear correlations (p ≤ 0.05) between the RP concentration and all DSC parameters were observed, except for parameter h1 for the first peak. In order to assess the usefulness of the DSC technique for detecting adulterations, three chemometric approaches were compared: (1) classification models (linear discriminant analysis—LDA, adaptive regression splines—MARS, support vector machine—SVM, and artificial neural networks—ANNs); (2) regression models (multiple linear regression—MLR, MARS, SVM, ANNs, and PLS); and (3) a combined model of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). With the LDA model, the highest accuracy of 99.5% in classifying the samples, followed by ANN > SVM > MARS, was achieved. Among the regression models, the ANN model showed the highest correlation between observed and predicted values (R = 0.996), while other models showed goodness of fit as following MARS > SVM > MLR. Comparing OPLS-DA and PLS methods, higher values of R2X(cum) = 0.986 and Q2 = 0.973 were observed with the PLS model than OPLS-DA. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the DSC technique and importance of an appropriate chemometric model for predicting the adulteration of cold-pressed flaxseed oil with refined rapeseed oil.
New approaches towards fish authentication: Pollock and hake differentiation by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry
A new nuclear marker for quantitative analysis of wild boar and domestic pig meat in game meat products using PLAG1 zinc finger gene
Bush Meat Consumption In Nigia: Consumer Perceptions And Authenticity Concerns
Background. Bush (wild animal) meat consumption is culturally significant in Nigeria, yet concerns about product authenticity remain largely unaddressed. The study aimed to investigate consumer perceptions, preferences and concerns regarding bush meat consumption in Nigeria. This work is among the first to provide an insightful investigation into consumer perceptions, preferences and concerns regarding bush meat authenticity in Nigeria. An online survey was conducted to gather data from Nigerian consumers on consumption habits, authentication concerns, sources of fraud, knowledge of biodiversity protection and governmental interventions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data. Results and conclusions. Key findings revealed significant concerns about product authenticity among consumers, with nearly half expressing concerns about the authenticity of bush meat. Moreover, a significant proportion of respondents lacked awareness of protected species and had limited confidence in government regulations. The consumers who ate bush meat frequently associated it with sensory appeal and health benefits, whereas non-consumers expressed concerns about its safety and potential health risks. The findings underscore the urgent need for collaborative efforts between government agencies, industry stakeholders and consumers to address food fraud and ensure the sustainable and safe consumption of bush meat. Strengthening consumer protection measures through improved regulatory oversight, public education and the implementation of authenticity verification techniques is crucial for safeguarding public health, biodiversity and consumer trust.
The Nigerian meat industry: An overview of products’ market, fraud situations, and potential ways out
Changes in physicochemical, textural, and sensorial properties of pork meatballs made with the addition of hemp oil during storage
This research aimed to evaluate the quality characteristics of cooked and vacuum-packed meatballs reformulated with cold-pressed hempseed oil as a partial pork substitute (0.8%, 2.5%, 4.2%, and 7.5%) during 12 days of storage. The water activity, cooking, and storage losses increased with a higher content of hemp oil ( P < 0.05). The total saturated fatty acids were reduced by 37.6%, whereas the polyunsaturated fatty acids content improved by 96.1%. Hemp oil addition decreased protein and lipid oxidation during the storage period ( P < 0.05). The inhibition effect on carbonyl content reached 34.9% and on TBARS values reached 17.5%. Sensory analysis revealed no significant changes to the texture, odour, and taste attributes over 12 days of storage in vacuum packaging. The results indicate that cold-pressed hemp oil can be an alternative ingredient for the production of meat products with improved nutritional value, particularly by enriching them with n-3 α-linolenic fatty acid.
Comprehensive review of seven plant seed oils: chemical composition, nutritional properties, and biomedical functions
Cooking resistant edible crickets-specific peptides for authenticity testing of meat products
Abstract As consumer and manufacturer interests in edible insects and processed food with added insects are increasing, new possibilities for detecting edible insect proteins in processed foods have become increasingly important. In the present study, a proteomic strategy was applied to identify insect proteins and thermostable house cricket-specific (Acheta domesticus) peptide markers. To determine the limit of detection (LOD) for house cricket proteins, cooked meatballs containing house cricket protein powder (CP) as a partial pork substitute were investigated. The final concentration of CP ranged from 0.8% to 7.6%. The LODs for tropomyosin 1 and translational elongation factor-2 were 0.8% (w/w), whereas for apolipophorin-III it was 2.5% (w/w). Eight heat-resistant peptides unique to the family Grillidae (true crickets) and four peptides unique to the Acheta domesticus were identified. The results suggest that selected cricket-specific and processing-resistant peptide markers have potential utility in the authentication of the cricket formulations used in meat products. However, this has to be confirmed on different heavily processed meat products.
Unravelling red deer (Cervus elaphus) meat adulteration in gourmet foods by quantitative real-time PCR
Identification of sunflower, rapeseed, flaxseed and sesame seed oil metabolomic markers as a potential tool for oil authentication and detecting adulterations
Testing the composition, quality and authenticity of edible oils is crucial to safeguard the consumers’ rights and health. The aim of our study was to identify oil-specific markers to enable the differentiation and authentication of sunflower, sesame, flaxseed and rapeseed oils, and to evaluate their antioxidant activity, total phenolic and carotenoid content. A metabolomic approach based on liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry was employed for marker discovery. Spectrophotometric method was used for determination of antioxidant activity, total phenolic and carotenoid content. 76 oil samples from the four different manufacturers were examined. We identified 13 oil-specific markers for sunflower seed oil, 8 for rapeseed oil, 5 for sesame seed oil and 3 for flaxseed oil, their retention times, accurate masses, and characteristic fragment ions are reported. The abundances of the markers for each plant species were found to vary depending on the oil producer and the product batch. Significant differences in antioxidant activity, total phenolic and carotenoid content were also observed both between oils and within oil type. The highest total phenolic content (84.03 ± 4.19 to 103.79 ± 3.67 mg of gallic acid/kg) and antioxidant activity (245.67 ± 7.59 to 297.22 ± 2.32 mg Trolox/kg) were found in sesame seed and flaxseed oils, respectively. Identified metabolic markers can be used as qualitative markers to confirm the authenticity or to detect adulterations of oils. Composition, properties and authenticity testing should be more rigorous for food products marketed as health-promoting.
The study of relationship between taste and wheat bran protein isolate fortification during high-protein yogurt manufacturing
Quantitative detection of some Suidae species in meat products using nuclear markers and TaqMan probe-based qPCR
A systematic review of DNA‐based methods in authentication of game and less common meat species
AbstractDespite the numerous studies on food safety and authenticity, especially for meat and meat products, not enough studies have been conducted focusing exclusively on game species and other unusual meat animals. As a result of the European horse scandal, the horse is currently the target of many meat authenticity studies. With this review, we aim to present various DNA‐based methods that have been used by researchers to identify, detect, and quantify game, uncommon meat animals, and wildlife species. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is considered the standard method for DNA analysis in meat authenticity testing. However, in this paper, we present several other methods that may or may not involve the PCR technique. For this purpose, we systematically reviewed 131 articles selected according to various criteria such as target animal species, method of analysis, year of publication, and so forth. The result of our study shows the most studied game and uncommon meat species, PCR‐ and non‐PCR‐based methods for game meat analysis, and DNA‐based methods in wildlife conservation. With this study, researchers can find detailed information about frequent game species used as adulterants for regular meat products and the DNA‐based techniques to identify them.
