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Naturalization of the Ornamental Plant Crocus tommasinianus Herb. (Iridaceae) in Forest Ecosystems: A Case Study from Poland
Highlights: Though not highly invasive, bulb and corm ornamental plants can escape cultivation and naturalize in new areas. Studying their naturalization is key to understanding their ecological impact and managing biodiversity. Objectives: This study aimed to document the first naturalization case of Crocus tommasinianus Herb. in Poland and assess the morphological variability of the naturalized population under different environmental conditions. Another objective was to identify diagnostic features in seed testa ornamentation to distinguish C. tommasinianus from related species (C. vernus (L.) Hill. and C. scepusiensis (Rehmann et Wol.) Borbás ex Kulcz.). Methods: The morphometric studies were performed within four subpopulations of C. tommasinianus differing in environmental conditions, determined with Ellenberg indices. Multivariate tests, ANOVA, and post-hoc tests were used to determine the morphometric diversity of specimens and to relate them to environmental factors. Seed micro-ornamentation was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Results: Light and temperature were negatively correlated, while moisture, soil pH, and nitrogen were positively correlated with many morphological traits. Plants spreading into forest ecosystems exhibited better-developed features (larger leaves and flowers) than those in former cultivation sites, indicating higher survival potential. The seed coat is papillate, with distinct differences in the shape, size, and secondary sculpture of the papillae compared to C. vernus and C. scepusiensis. Given that floristic studies often occur during the fruiting period of crocuses, testa ornamentation is crucial for identifying the studied species. Conclusions: The observed naturalization of C. tommasinianus demonstrates the high morphological plasticity of plants, which makes them capable of colonizing new areas, including forest habitats.
Nowe stanowiska roślin naczyniowych Polski, 5
W pracy przedstawiono nowe stanowiska 18 rzadkich (lub regionalnie rzadkich) roślin naczyniowych w Polsce, tj. <i>Abutilon theophrasti, Aquilegia vulgaris, Carex bohemica, C. tomentosa, Crocus speciosus, Erechtites hieraciifolia, Lathyrus nissolia, Lunaria annua subsp. annua, Lycopodiella inundata, Myricaria germanica, Nymphaea candida, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Potentilla indica, Pulicaria dysenterica, Rubus kaznowskii, Scilla sardensis, Solidago ×niederederi</i> oraz <i>Veratrum lobelianum</i>.
Nowe stanowiska roślin naczyniowych Polski, 4
W pracy przedstawiono nowe stanowiska 15 rzadkich w skali kraju lub regionu roślin naczyniowych, tj. <i>Allium scorodoprasum</i>, <i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>, <i>Blechnum spicant</i>, <i>Carex bohemica</i>, <i>Dactylorhiza incarnata</i> subsp. <i>incarnata</i>, <i>Dianthus superbus</i>, <i>Epipactis albensis</i>, <i>E. purpurata</i>, <i>Fritillaria meleagris</i>, <i>Lycopodiella inundata</i>, <i>Ophioglossum vulgatum</i>, <i>Oxytropis pilosa</i>, <i>Rubus laciniatus</i>, <i>R. praecox</i>, <i>Trapa natans</i> oraz pierwsze stanowisko <i>Verbena bonariensis</i> w Polsce.
Interesujące rośliny naczyniowe Wielkopolski i terenów przyległych
The paper presents results of floristic research conducted in 2005–2023 in the Wielkopolska region and adjacent areas. For each species, the plant life-form and habitat are given as well as locality on a grid of basic ATPOL squares (1 km). The presented list of vascular plants consists of 170 taxa. The fate of one of them is described: Pyrus ×myloslavensis, which was new to science. The list includes 8 species new to Poland, 37 new to Wielkopolska, and 6 species of increasingly widespread kenophytes.
Nowe stanowiska Cynodon dactylon (Poaceae) w Wielkopolsce
Five new localities of Cynodon dactylon are presented, two of them also with phytosociological data, including a list of accompanying plant species with their cover abundance and sociability. All records were made on roadsides in Wielkopolska (Figs 1, 2) within ATPOL squares BD 09 and CE 36.
Nowe stanowiska Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae) w zachodniej Polsce
The natural range of distribution of Senecio inaequidens is South Africa. In Poland, the species was reported for the first time in 1987, from the main railway station in Katowice. It is currently classified as a potentially invasive epecophyte (i.e. recently introduced, numerous but confined to artificial habitats). In western Poland it was found in 10 new localities, each one in a different ATPOL square (10 km × 10 km). It is growing on roadsides, occurs often after road reconstruction, and on railway grounds without dense vegetation. The exception was a locality in Poznań, near Hetmańska Street, where coverage of the herb layer reached 95% (Fig. 1). The species has been observed there since 2012.