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Zarządzanie walorami turystycznymi parków krajobrazowych w Polsce
Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie istoty zarządzania walorami parków krajobrazowych. W procesie zarządzania w parku krajobrazowym na pierwszym miejscu zawsze znajdują się unikatowe walory przyrodnicze, kulturowe i krajobrazowe, które są „magnesem” przyciągającym szerokie rzesze osób w celach edukacyjnych oraz turystyczno-rekreacyjnych. W procesie zarządzania należy uwzględnić elementy marketingu terytorialnego, a w szczególności instrumenty związane z promocją walorów krajobrazowych danego parku. Co więcej, władze parku powinny współpracować z przedstawicielami jednostek samorządu terytorialnego, organizacjami pozarządowymi oraz mieszkańcami w celu realizacji przyjętych planów ochrony parku.
Oczekiwania konsumentów względem oferty agroturystycznej
Agritourism is a subject of growing interest among consumers, therefore, the key to the success of agritourism activities is to know the expectations and preferences of customers. The purpose of the study was to present the expectations of consumers of agritourism services, including the factors and elements of choosing this form of recreation, and what additional services and attractions would be most desirable. The empirical material was collected through desk research and a diagnostic survey using the CAWI technique. The surveys were conducted in March 2023 and the research sample consisted of 200 people. They showed that among the most important reasons for choosing an agritourism farm as a place to relax were the opportunity to spend more time with the family, the attractive price of services, and the possibility of taking advantage of the food offered by the host. On the other hand, respondents indicated a desire to rest in a peaceful environment and direct contact with nature as the main elements for choosing agritourism farms. In addition, the survey showed that the attractive price of the agritourism offer is a significant factor in encouraging people to take advantage of their stay on agritourism farms.
Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Agritourism Farm Stays and Their Safety during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Poland
The article presents reasons for the choices and opinions of tourists regarding rest and its safety in agritourism farms in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. We used the diagnostic survey method. We distributed the questionnaire via the Internet on Facebook in thematic groups related to tourism. Facebook respondents were also asked to provide a link to the questionnaire to their tourism-active friends (snowball sampling). We conducted the survey in January 2021. Research has shown that well-educated and well-off residents of cities most often chose agritourism. The main reason for the choice is the possibility of rest in peace and quiet, natural values, and an attractive price. Notably, during the pandemic, an important reason for choosing agritourism was to convince tourists that the risk of coronavirus infection was relatively low. This is also evidenced by the fact that most of them visited an agritourism farm for the first time during the pandemic. The attractiveness of staying on an agritourism farm was assessed highly (almost all respondents expressed their willingness to take advantage of this form of leisure again). This is due to the high evaluation of the quality of services provided, the offer’s attractiveness, and price competitiveness.
Challenges and Problems of Nature Conservation: A Case Study from Poland
The article aims to show the attitudes and views of Polish residents on the problem of preserving the natural environment from the perspective of their place of residence. The need for research in this area stems from the insufficient number of available studies on this very important issue given the global environmental challenges we are facing. The research gap noted relates particularly to the aspects of engagement in environmental measures, knowledge levels, and motivations for conservation efforts by local citizens. Environmentally and socially responsible behavior is part of the concept of sustainable development. Empirical research covered a sample of 500 adult residents of Poland using the CAWI technique. The results showed that the vast majority of respondents noticed numerous problems in preserving the natural environment in their place of residence. According to respondents, the way to reduce these problems is to increase care for green areas, promote renewable energy sources, and strive to reduce waste. Moreover, the research results show that respondents take initiatives to segregate waste, save energy, and apply the zero-waste concept. The main reason for taking action to solve environmental problems is to preserve the environment for our children and future generations. The results of these studies showed that for men, pro-environmental activities are more important than for women. These findings are valuable for policymakers, local authorities, and fellow citizens.
Authenticity in Intangible Heritage as a Key to the Development of Tourism Products: Theoretical Frameworks from Poland
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourist Travel Risk Perception and Travel Behaviour: A Case Study of Poland
This article aims to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perception of the risk of travel and travel behaviour by Poles. The study was conducted using the survey method and the CAWI technique and was carried out in January 2021. The final research sample consisted of 509 respondents. Tourism has always been exposed to various threats: natural disasters, terrorism, etc. In such cases, tourists choose a different, safe direction. However, in 2020, tourism found itself facing a crisis that brought it to a complete stop worldwide. The spread of the COVID-19 virus and safety concerns, as well as global travel restrictions, led to a change in travel during this time. The results show that the respondents resigned especially from going abroad for security reasons, choosing to rather stay in the country and other places that, from their point of view, were safer places to rest.
Taxation of Farms in the European Union and Its Sensitivity to Economic Indicators: Evidence from Poland (2004–2022)
The aim of this study is to present the taxation of the Polish farm sector in the years 2004–2022 in comparison with other EU countries. Three indicators were applied to describe the phenomenon: the value of taxes per farm, the share of taxes in family farm net income, and the value of taxes per hectare of agricultural utilized area. The analysis is based on data from the FADN database. Results for Poland were contrasted with those of other EU Member States. In addition, the sensitivity of the Polish farm tax burden to twelve basic production, economic, and financial categories was examined using the ordinary least squares method with a constant term. The findings were compared with EU averages, providing a descriptive overview of how tax burdens interact with farm performance and sustainability conditions.
Postrzeganie problemów ochrony środowiska na poziomie lokalnym – studium przypadku kobiet wiejskich
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań o charakterze pilotażowym dotyczące postaw kobiet wobec stanu oraz ochrony środowiska naturalnego w ujęciu lokalnym. Uwagę skoncentrowano na specyficznej grupie respondentów, tj. na kobietach podejmujących aktywne działania na rzecz rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego w swoim miejscu zamieszkania. Celem głównym badań była ocena stanu ochrony środowiska na poziomie lokalnym, świadomości kobiet w tym zakresie oraz działań podejmowanych indywidualnie lub przy współpracy z samorządem lokalnym i organizacjami pozarządowymi. Bazując na przeglądzie literatury, omówiono pojęcie i znaczenie ochrony środowiska naturalnego, zwłaszcza w kontekście jego roli jako miejsca życia i spędzania czasu na poziomie lokalnym. Ustalono, że aktywność kobiet w badanych obszarach jest znaczna i zróżnicowana w przekroju makroregionów, co pozostawało w związku z ogólnym stanem środowiska naturalnego.
An Empirical Assessment of Students’ Tourist Preferences during the COVID-19 Pandemic from a Gender Perspective: Evidence from Poland
The purpose of this research is to reveal the tourist preferences of students during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on differences between genders. This study was carried out in January 2021 and relied on the CAWI technique with a questionnaire distributed on social media. The snowball method was used to reach a wider audience. Valid questionnaires were retrieved from 870 respondents, primarily women (66.8%). The results demonstrate that tourist activity was witnessed despite the pandemic, but it differed between men and women. The latter travelled more often and for longer periods, and they chose August and September from the summer months. Although most travelling students sought active recreation, female students more frequently decided to be less active or opted for passive leisure during their stays. Unlike men, women sought safety and therefore mostly opted for individual apartments or hotels; staying with family or friends was a much less popular scenario for them, primarily because they feared it could expose their loved ones to the virus. For the whole group covered by the survey, sanitary and epidemiological restrictions, the reduced availability of attractions in tourist destinations, and increased prices were the main inconveniences that they faced when travelling in 2020.