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Dietary Supplementation with Spirulina platensis Modulates the Physiological Status and Bone Quality of Juvenile Ring-Necked Pheasants

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cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-8952-5457
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-3009-3346
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dc.abstract.enThis study evaluated the effects of dietary spirulina (Spirulina platensis) supplementation on the physiological status and bone quality of juvenile ring-necked pheasants. A total of 200 one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to a control group fed a basal diet or to an experimental group fed a basal diet supplemented with 15 g of spirulina/kg feed and reared under identical conditions for 42 days. Growth performance, feed intake, the feed conversion ratio, selected carcass traits, meat and bone quality, and biochemical and hematological parameters were assessed. Pheasants receiving spirulina presented significantly greater body weights at four weeks of age. The experimental group also exhibited increased pH values in pectoral and thigh muscles and increased postmortem muscle temperature. Spirulina supplementation significantly improved tibia quality, as reflected by enhanced geometric, structural, and material bone properties. The birds fed spirulina presented increased plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations, whereas those in the control group exhibited increased malondialdehyde levels, indicating increased oxidative stress. In addition, spirulina increased the proportion of lymphocytes and reduced both the proportion and absolute number of monocytes. In conclusion, spirulina supplementation increased tibia bone strength, reduced oxidative stress, and had immunomodulatory effects on juvenile pheasants.
dc.affiliationWydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej i Nauk o Zwierzętach
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Hodowli Zwierząt i Oceny Surowców
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Fizjologii, Biochemii i Biostruktury Zwierząt
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Żywienia Zwierząt
dc.contributor.authorNowaczewski, Sebastian
dc.contributor.authorSzkudelska, Katarzyna
dc.contributor.authorSkładanowska-Baryza, Joanna
dc.contributor.authorSzulc, Karolina
dc.contributor.authorLudwiczak, Agnieszka
dc.contributor.authorKukulski, Krzysztof
dc.contributor.authorPraska, Daria
dc.contributor.authorCiesielska, Liliana
dc.contributor.authorJaniszewski, Sebastian
dc.contributor.authorKierończyk, Bartosz
dc.date.access2026-04-09
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-09T13:10:21Z
dc.date.available2026-04-09T13:10:21Z
dc.date.copyright2026-04-08
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>This study evaluated the effects of dietary spirulina (Spirulina platensis) supplementation on the physiological status and bone quality of juvenile ring-necked pheasants. A total of 200 one-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to a control group fed a basal diet or to an experimental group fed a basal diet supplemented with 15 g of spirulina/kg feed and reared under identical conditions for 42 days. Growth performance, feed intake, the feed conversion ratio, selected carcass traits, meat and bone quality, and biochemical and hematological parameters were assessed. Pheasants receiving spirulina presented significantly greater body weights at four weeks of age. The experimental group also exhibited increased pH values in pectoral and thigh muscles and increased postmortem muscle temperature. Spirulina supplementation significantly improved tibia quality, as reflected by enhanced geometric, structural, and material bone properties. The birds fed spirulina presented increased plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations, whereas those in the control group exhibited increased malondialdehyde levels, indicating increased oxidative stress. In addition, spirulina increased the proportion of lymphocytes and reduced both the proportion and absolute number of monocytes. In conclusion, spirulina supplementation increased tibia bone strength, reduced oxidative stress, and had immunomodulatory effects on juvenile pheasants.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographybibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0.00
dc.description.if2,7
dc.description.number8
dc.description.points100
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume16
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ani16081127
dc.identifier.issn2076-2615
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/8033
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/16/8/1127
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationanimal science and fisheries
dc.relation.datasetThis work was supported by statutory funding from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition (no. 506.533.04.00), as well as the Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment (no. 506.569.04.00), Poznań University of Life Sciences.
dc.relation.ispartofAnimals
dc.relation.pagesart. 1127
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enPhasianus colchicus
dc.subject.enalgae
dc.subject.enperformance
dc.subject.enmeat and bone quality
dc.subject.enphysiological status
dc.titleDietary Supplementation with Spirulina platensis Modulates the Physiological Status and Bone Quality of Juvenile Ring-Necked Pheasants
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue8
oaire.citation.volume16