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Developing an integrative understanding of escape mode decisions

cris.lastimport.scopus2025-10-23T06:59:14Z
cris.lastimport.wos2025-10-23T06:55:17Z
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dc.abstract.enOptimal escape theory predicts that individuals should escape when the costs of staying (risk of being injured or killed) exceed the costs of leaving (energetic costs of escape, lost foraging opportunities and costs incurred for monitoring the approaching predator). We extend these theoretical principles to analyse preferences for alternative escape modes in a model animal group, birds, which can escape by either flight (costlier but safer) or using cheaper but riskier alternatives (jump, walk, or swim). We used a large, published database that included 21 222 records on 179 species taken in 15 European localities during the breeding seasons of 2009–2019, with data on escape mode, latitude, habitat (urban or rural), precipitation and temperature. Most individuals escaped by taking flight (15 940 records; 79%). Variation in escape mode decisions was mostly driven by species-specific traits (body size, diet), whereas external environmental variables (climate, geography, habitat) showed small effects. Flight initiation distances were longer when birds escaped by taking flight than when they chose lower-cost alternatives. Overall, escape mode preferences showed spatial and temporal variation compatible with expectations from risk–energy trade-off optimization. Escape mode decisions seemed more related to predation avoidance and flight initiation distance decisions to energy-saving goals. Thus, escape mode preferences interacted with fleeing–staying decisions, suggesting a behavioural integration of different aspects of escape strategies under a general optimization model.
dc.affiliationWydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej i Nauk o Zwierzętach
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Zoologii
dc.contributor.authorDíaz, Mario
dc.contributor.authorMøller, Anders P.
dc.contributor.authorBenedetti, Yanina
dc.contributor.authorBlumstein, Daniel T.
dc.contributor.authorMarkó, Gábor
dc.contributor.authorMorelli, Federico
dc.contributor.authorIbáñez-Alamo, Juan D.
dc.contributor.authorJokimäki, Jukka
dc.contributor.authorKaisanlahti-Jokimäki, Marja-Liisa
dc.contributor.authorMikula, Peter
dc.contributor.authorTätte, Kunter
dc.contributor.authorTryjanowski, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorGrim, Tomas
dc.date.access2025-10-03
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-03T07:26:35Z
dc.date.available2025-10-03T07:26:35Z
dc.date.copyright2025-09-30
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if2,1
dc.description.numberNovember 2025
dc.description.points140
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume229
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.anbehav.2025.123338
dc.identifier.eissn1095-8282
dc.identifier.issn0003-3472
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/5164
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347225002659?via%3Dihub
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationbiological sciences
dc.relation.ispartofAnimal Behaviour
dc.relation.pagesart. 123338
dc.rightsCC-BY-NC
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOTHER
dc.subject.enbirds
dc.subject.enclimate
dc.subject.encost-benefit analysis
dc.subject.enflight initiation distance
dc.subject.engeographical gradient
dc.subject.enperch height
dc.titleDeveloping an integrative understanding of escape mode decisions
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.volume229