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Assessment of molecular dynamics in natural Shilajit using low-field NMR relaxometry for geographical traceability

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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid08c06993-c96b-41bb-a5f9-551434fdd7df
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dc.abstract.enShilajit (Mumijo) is a phytomineral exudate known for its therapeutic potential, traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine. Its molecular composition and consequently its therapeutic properties are influenced by geographical origin. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF NMR) offers a non-destructive tool to assess the molecular behavior of Shilajit rapidly and non-destructively. Twelve raw Shilajit samples from five regions (Iran, India, Nepal, Russia, and Kyrgyzstan) were analyzed using LF NMR at 15 MHz. Longitudinal magnetization relaxation (T 1) and transverse magnetization relaxation (T 2) relaxation times were measured using an inversion-recovery and Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill pulse sequence, respectively. Three distinct relaxation behavior groups were identified. Group I showed only T 1 (solid samples with undetectable T 2), group II exhibited single T 1 and T 2 (moderately viscous, hydrated samples), while group III revealed biphasic T 2 relaxation (indicating proton heterogeneity). Clear differences in relaxation profiles were observed across geographical origins, with Iranian samples showing the widest range of T 1 values, while Russian and some Iranian samples exhibited dual T 2 components. LF NMR relaxation parameters (T 1, T 2) are strongly dependent on the geographic origin and molecular structure of Shilajit. The technique shows promise for use in authentication and traceability of Shilajit, enabling differentiation based on relaxation signatures.
dc.affiliationWydział Nauk o Żywności i Żywieniu
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Fizyki i Biofizyki
dc.contributor.authorKamgar, Elham
dc.contributor.authorBaranowska, Hanna Maria
dc.contributor.authorKaykhaii, Massoud
dc.contributor.authorNowicki, Marcin
dc.contributor.authorKowalczewski, Przemysław Łukasz
dc.contributor.authorZembrzuska, Joanna
dc.date.access2026-01-22
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-22T18:40:06Z
dc.date.available2026-01-22T18:40:06Z
dc.date.copyright2026-01-19
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p> Shilajit (Mumijo) is a phytomineral exudate known for its therapeutic potential, traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine. Its molecular composition and consequently its therapeutic properties are influenced by geographical origin. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF NMR) offers a non-destructive tool to assess the molecular behavior of Shilajit rapidly and non-destructively. Twelve raw Shilajit samples from five regions (Iran, India, Nepal, Russia, and Kyrgyzstan) were analyzed using LF NMR at 15 MHz. Longitudinal magnetization relaxation ( <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> ) and transverse magnetization relaxation ( <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ) relaxation times were measured using an inversion-recovery and Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill pulse sequence, respectively. Three distinct relaxation behavior groups were identified. Group I showed only <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> (solid samples with undetectable <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ), group II exhibited single <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (moderately viscous, hydrated samples), while group III revealed biphasic <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> relaxation (indicating proton heterogeneity). Clear differences in relaxation profiles were observed across geographical origins, with Iranian samples showing the widest range of <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> values, while Russian and some Iranian samples exhibited dual <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> components. LF NMR relaxation parameters ( <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> , <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ) are strongly dependent on the geographic origin and molecular structure of Shilajit. The technique shows promise for use in authentication and traceability of Shilajit, enabling differentiation based on relaxation signatures. </jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if3,8
dc.description.number1
dc.description.points40
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume45
dc.identifier.doi10.1515/revac-2025-0097
dc.identifier.eissn2191-0189
dc.identifier.issn0793-0135
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/7091
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/revac-2025-0097/html
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofReviews in Analytical Chemistry
dc.relation.pagesart. 20250097
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enShilajit
dc.subject.enlow-field NMR relaxometry
dc.subject.enhealth supplements
dc.subject.enphytomineral
dc.subject.engeographic traceability
dc.subject.enauthentication
dc.titleAssessment of molecular dynamics in natural Shilajit using low-field NMR relaxometry for geographical traceability
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.volume45