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Mechanistic Modeling Reveals Adaptive Photosynthetic Strategies of Pontederia crassipes: Implications for Aquatic Plant Physiology and Invasion Dynamics

cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-5564-7360
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid62199eda-fe32-456c-9935-2e55f2101f3a
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dc.abstract.enThe invasive aquatic macrophyte Pontederia crassipes (water hyacinth) exhibits exceptional adaptability across a wide range of light environments, yet the mechanistic basis of its photosynthetic plasticity under both high- and low-light stress remains poorly resolved. This study integrated chlorophyll fluorescence and gas-exchange analyses to evaluate three photosynthetic models—rectangular hyperbola (RH), non-rectangular hyperbola (NRH), and the Ye mechanistic model—in capturing light-response dynamics in P. crassipes. The Ye model provided superior accuracy (R2 > 0.996) in simulating the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and electron transport rate (J), outperforming empirical models that overestimated Pnmax by 36–46% and Jmax by 1.5–24.7% and failed to predict saturation light intensity. Mechanistic analysis revealed that P. crassipes maintains high photosynthetic efficiency in low light (LUEmax = 0.030 mol mol−1 at 200 µmol photons m−2 s−1) and robust photoprotection under strong light (NPQmax = 1.375, PSII efficiency decline), supported by a large photosynthetic pigment pool (9.46 × 1016 molecules m−2) and high eigen-absorption cross-section (1.91 × 10−21 m2). Unlike terrestrial plants, its floating leaves experience enhanced irradiance due to water-surface reflection and are decoupled from water limitation via submerged root uptake, enabling flexible stomatal and energy regulation. Distinct thresholds for carboxylation efficiency (CEmax = 0.085 mol m−2 s−1) and water-use efficiency (WUEi-max = 45.91 μmol mol−1 and WUEinst = 1.96 μmol mmol−1) highlighted its flexible energy management strategies. These results establish the Ye model as a reliable tool for characterizing aquatic photosynthesis and reveal how P. crassipes balances light harvesting and dissipation to thrive in fluctuating environments. These resulting insights have implications for both understanding invasiveness and managing eutrophic aquatic systems.
dc.affiliationWydział Leśny i Technologii Drewna
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Hodowli Lasu
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Lihua
dc.contributor.authorYang, Xiaolong
dc.contributor.authorRobakowski, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorYe, Zipiao
dc.contributor.authorWang, Fubiao
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Shuangxi
dc.date.access2025-08-28
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-28T08:50:41Z
dc.date.available2025-08-28T08:50:41Z
dc.date.copyright2025-05-25
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>The invasive aquatic macrophyte Pontederia crassipes (water hyacinth) exhibits exceptional adaptability across a wide range of light environments, yet the mechanistic basis of its photosynthetic plasticity under both high- and low-light stress remains poorly resolved. This study integrated chlorophyll fluorescence and gas-exchange analyses to evaluate three photosynthetic models—rectangular hyperbola (RH), non-rectangular hyperbola (NRH), and the Ye mechanistic model—in capturing light-response dynamics in P. crassipes. The Ye model provided superior accuracy (R2 &gt; 0.996) in simulating the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and electron transport rate (J), outperforming empirical models that overestimated Pnmax by 36–46% and Jmax by 1.5–24.7% and failed to predict saturation light intensity. Mechanistic analysis revealed that P. crassipes maintains high photosynthetic efficiency in low light (LUEmax = 0.030 mol mol−1 at 200 µmol photons m−2 s−1) and robust photoprotection under strong light (NPQmax = 1.375, PSII efficiency decline), supported by a large photosynthetic pigment pool (9.46 × 1016 molecules m−2) and high eigen-absorption cross-section (1.91 × 10−21 m2). Unlike terrestrial plants, its floating leaves experience enhanced irradiance due to water-surface reflection and are decoupled from water limitation via submerged root uptake, enabling flexible stomatal and energy regulation. Distinct thresholds for carboxylation efficiency (CEmax = 0.085 mol m−2 s−1) and water-use efficiency (WUEi-max = 45.91 μmol mol−1 and WUEinst = 1.96 μmol mmol−1) highlighted its flexible energy management strategies. These results establish the Ye model as a reliable tool for characterizing aquatic photosynthesis and reveal how P. crassipes balances light harvesting and dissipation to thrive in fluctuating environments. These resulting insights have implications for both understanding invasiveness and managing eutrophic aquatic systems.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if3,5
dc.description.number6
dc.description.points100
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume14
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/biology14060600
dc.identifier.issn2079-7737
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/4463
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/6/600
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationforestry
dc.relation.ispartofBiology
dc.relation.pagesart. 600
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enaquatic macrophytes
dc.subject.enphotosynthetic plasticity
dc.subject.enlight stress adaptation
dc.subject.enphotoprotection
dc.subject.enchlorophyll fluorescence
dc.subject.enmechanistic modeling
dc.titleMechanistic Modeling Reveals Adaptive Photosynthetic Strategies of Pontederia crassipes: Implications for Aquatic Plant Physiology and Invasion Dynamics
dc.title.volumeSpecial Issue Plant Stress Physiology: A Trait Perspective
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue6
oaire.citation.volume14