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City layers: Vertical stratification of wild bees and the structure of urban ecological resilience

cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0003-3465-2712
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-1370-7625
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-0683-4001
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0003-3827-2282
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidbddc6650-5601-41e1-ae7d-79e10b67bbeb
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid86de7053-c0cc-4a23-960c-fd3908659acc
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidb33fabdb-3593-4e3c-a134-1f45d50223b8
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid1978986a-7b21-41ea-8424-a6724d96b11b
dc.abstract.enUrban environments can support diverse pollinator communities, yet their vertical stratification remains underexplored. This study examines how bee abundance, species richness, and functional diversity vary across ground, mid-story, and canopy levels in a temperate city. We sampled wild bees at three heights and assessed how ecological traits and environmental factors, including impervious surface area, green space, and tree cover, influence vertical patterns. Bee abundance and richness varied across strata, with peak abundance in the canopy and higher species richness at both ground and canopy levels. Impervious surfaces did not directly reduce overall abundance and richness, nor did they eliminate bees; instead, they appeared to alter vertical patterns with activity tending to shift upward. Vertical space use was shaped by species traits, particularly body size, nesting habits, and social strategies. Strong interactions between height and land cover further influenced species composition and functional diversity along the vertical gradient. Recognizing this vertical structuring offers new insights for biodiversity-focused city design. Our findings show that pollinator communities respond to vertical stratification, shaped by both traits and urban landscape features. This has direct implications for multi-layered greening strategies, such as tree canopy enhancement, rooftop habitats, and stratified plantings, that can improve habitat quality and ecological function in dense urban settings. The study contributes to growing evidence that vertical green infrastructure can support pollinator resilience and inform sustainable planning under intensifying land-use and climate pressures.
dc.affiliationWydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej i Nauk o Zwierzętach
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Zoologii
dc.contributor.authorBanaszak-Cibicka, Weronika
dc.contributor.authorDylewski, Łukasz
dc.contributor.authorBiałas, Joanna
dc.contributor.authorŁangowska, Aleksandra
dc.date.access2025-10-17
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-23T11:25:16Z
dc.date.available2025-10-23T11:25:16Z
dc.date.copyright2025-10-12
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if7,4
dc.description.numberOctober 2025
dc.description.points200
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume179
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.114290
dc.identifier.eissn1872-7034
dc.identifier.issn1470-160X
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/5421
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25012221
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofEcological Indicators
dc.relation.pagesart. 114290
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enurbanization
dc.subject.enurban ecology
dc.subject.enurban planning
dc.subject.enconservation
dc.subject.enpollinators
dc.subject.enimpervious surface area
dc.titleCity layers: Vertical stratification of wild bees and the structure of urban ecological resilience
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.volume179