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A comparison of toxic and essential elements in edible wild and cultivated mushroom species

cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-0064-6472
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-0929-5285
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-7185-5039
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cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-7085-7876
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cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-0941-5662
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcida59124fb-16e6-4640-b90f-907536b11f95
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid8786358f-edf5-4c7f-84cf-56861e61928f
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid0befa699-6be2-47b4-9777-4f9a9a956f9c
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dc.abstract.enThe multi-elemental composition of 4 edible wild-growing mushroom species that commonly occur in Polish forests was compared to 13 cultivated mushroom species available in trade. A considerable variation in the macroelements content was revealed with cultivated species containing higher amounts of macroelements. The mean content of B, Co, Cr, Fe, Pb, Pr, Pt, Sb, Sm, Sr, Te, and Tm was higher in cultivated mushroom species, while the opposite was noted for Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg, La, Mo, Sc, and Zn. Selected cultivated forms exhibited increased content of Al (F. velutipes), As (H. marmoreus, F. velutipes), Ni (P. ostreatus, A. polytricha, H. marmoreus), and Pb (P. ostreatus, A. polytricha, F. velupites, and L. edodes). Wild-growing species, B. boletus, I. badia, and S. bovinus contained high Hg levels, close to or exceeding tolerable intakes. Compared to cultivated mushrooms, they also generally revealed a significantly increased content of Al (with the highest content in B. edulis and I. badia), As and Cd (with the highest content in B. edulis and S. bovinus in both cases). In turn, the cultivated mushrooms were characterized by a higher content of Ni (particularly in A. bisporus) and Pb (with the highest content in P. eryngii). The exposure risks may, however, differ between wild and cultivated mushrooms since the former are consumed seasonally (although in some regions at a high level), while the latter are available throughout the year. Both cultivated and wild-growing mushrooms were found to be a poor source of Ca and Mg, and only a supplemental source of K, Cu, Fe, and Zn in the human diet. These results suggest that mushrooms collected from the wild or cultivated, should be consumed sparingly. The study advocates for more strict monitoring measures of the content of toxic metals/metalloids in mushrooms distributed as food, preferentially through the establishment of maximum allowance levels not limited only to a few elements and mushroom species.
dc.affiliationWydział Leśny i Technologii Drewna
dc.affiliationWydział Rolnictwa, Ogrodnictwa i Biotechnologii
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Chemii
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Warzywnictwa
dc.contributor.authorMleczek, Mirosław
dc.contributor.authorBudka, Anna
dc.contributor.authorSiwulski, Marek
dc.contributor.authorMleczek, Patrycja
dc.contributor.authorBudzyńska, Sylwia
dc.contributor.authorProch, Jędrzej
dc.contributor.authorGąsecka, Monika
dc.contributor.authorNiedzielski, Przemysław
dc.contributor.authorRzymski, Piotr
dc.date.access2025-07-23
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-23T11:25:18Z
dc.date.available2025-07-23T11:25:18Z
dc.date.copyright2021-03-04
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The multi-elemental composition of 4 edible wild-growing mushroom species that commonly occur in Polish forests was compared to 13 cultivated mushroom species available in trade. A considerable variation in the macroelements content was revealed with cultivated species containing higher amounts of macroelements. The mean content of B, Co, Cr, Fe, Pb, Pr, Pt, Sb, Sm, Sr, Te, and Tm was higher in cultivated mushroom species, while the opposite was noted for Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg, La, Mo, Sc, and Zn. Selected cultivated forms exhibited increased content of Al (<jats:italic>F</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>velutipes</jats:italic>), As (<jats:italic>H</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>marmoreus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>F</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>velutipes</jats:italic>), Ni (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>ostreatus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>polytricha</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>H</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>marmoreus</jats:italic>), and Pb (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>ostreatus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>polytricha</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>F</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>velupites,</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>edodes</jats:italic>). Wild-growing species, <jats:italic>B</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>boletus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>I</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>badia,</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>bovinus</jats:italic> contained high Hg levels, close to or exceeding tolerable intakes. Compared to cultivated mushrooms, they also generally revealed a significantly increased content of Al (with the highest content in <jats:italic>B. edulis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>I. badia</jats:italic>), As and Cd (with the highest content in <jats:italic>B. edulis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. bovinus</jats:italic> in both cases). In turn, the cultivated mushrooms were characterized by a higher content of Ni (particularly in <jats:italic>A. bisporus</jats:italic>) and Pb (with the highest content in <jats:italic>P. eryngii</jats:italic>). The exposure risks may, however, differ between wild and cultivated mushrooms since the former are consumed seasonally (although in some regions at a high level), while the latter are available throughout the year. Both cultivated and wild-growing mushrooms were found to be a poor source of Ca and Mg, and only a supplemental source of K, Cu, Fe, and Zn in the human diet. These results suggest that mushrooms collected from the wild or cultivated, should be consumed sparingly. The study advocates for more strict monitoring measures of the content of toxic metals/metalloids in mushrooms distributed as food, preferentially through the establishment of maximum allowance levels not limited only to a few elements and mushroom species.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if3,498
dc.description.number2
dc.description.points70
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume247
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00217-021-03706-0
dc.identifier.eissn1438-2385
dc.identifier.issn1438-2377
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/3943
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00217-021-03706-0
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofEuropean Food Research and Technology
dc.relation.pages1249-1262
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.share.typeOTHER
dc.subject.enwild-growing mushrooms
dc.subject.encultivated mushroom species
dc.subject.encontamination
dc.subject.enmineral content
dc.subject.enconsumer choice
dc.titleA comparison of toxic and essential elements in edible wild and cultivated mushroom species
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue5
oaire.citation.volume247