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Whole genome characteristics of hedgehog coronaviruses from Poland and analysis of the evolution of the Spike protein for its interspecies transmission potential

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cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-1256-0107
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-7227-0654
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0003-2220-2730
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid0320b45e-cc98-4201-88f2-602b5dfa2a20
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidad732626-b998-4c32-a9dc-82d9928533d8
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid71dccebf-e765-40b9-87bb-e98ab3b7299c
dc.abstract.enBackground The hedgehogs have been recently identified as possible reservoir of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus like (MERS-CoV-like). These viruses were classified as a distinct Betacoronavirus erinacei (BCoV-Eri) species within the MerBCoV-Eriirus subgenus. As coronaviruses are known for their ability to jump between different hosts, including humans, this can pose a particular threat to people in direct contact with hedgehogs, such as those working at animal asylums. Our previous studies have shown the presence of BCoV-Eri strains in animals collected in the wildlife rehabilitation centre. This study aimed to investigate the presence of CoV in subsequent hedgehogs collected from the urban area of Poland and their molecular characteristics. Results Monitoring for the presence of coronavirus infection in hedgehogs revealed five positive individuals. The presence of BCoV-Eri was found in a total of 20% of animals tested. Our analyses revealed no correlation between CoVs positivity and animal health conditions but a higher probability of such infection in juveniles and females. The whole genome of two Polish Hedgehog coronavirus 1 strains were sequenced and compared with available counterparts from European and Asian countries. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both CoV strains formed common cluster with other similar MerBCoV-Eriirus, but they were also found to be genetically variable and most changes in the S protein were identified. Our analysis revealed that some S protein sites of the Hedgehog coronavirus 1 strains evolved under positive selection pressure and of five such sites, three are in the S1 region while the other two in the S2 region of the Spike. Conclusions BCoV-Eri is to some extent prevalent in wildlife asylums in Poland. Given that the S protein of BCoVsEri is highly variable and that some sites of this protein evolve under positive selection pressure, these strains could potentially acquire a favourable feature for cross-species transmission. Consequently, the threat to humans working in such asylums is particularly high. Adequate biosecurity safeguards, but also human awareness of such risks, are therefore essential.
dc.affiliationWydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej i Nauk o Zwierzętach
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Fizjologii, Biochemii i Biostruktury Zwierząt
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Nauk Przedklinicznych i Chorób Zakaźnych
dc.contributor.authorDomanska-Blicharz, Katarzyna
dc.contributor.authorLisowska, Anna
dc.contributor.authorOpolska, Justyna
dc.contributor.authorRuszkowski, Jakub J.
dc.contributor.authorGogulski, Maciej
dc.contributor.authorPomorska-Mól, Małgorzata
dc.date.access2024-10-16
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-24T10:22:34Z
dc.date.available2024-10-24T10:22:34Z
dc.date.copyright2024-09-21
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>The hedgehogs have been recently identified as possible reservoir of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus like (MERS-CoV-like). These viruses were classified as a distinct <jats:italic>Betacoronavirus erinacei</jats:italic> (BCoV-Eri) species within the <jats:italic>MerBCoV-Eriirus</jats:italic> subgenus. As coronaviruses are known for their ability to jump between different hosts, including humans, this can pose a particular threat to people in direct contact with hedgehogs, such as those working at animal asylums. Our previous studies have shown the presence of BCoV-Eri strains in animals collected in the wildlife rehabilitation centre. This study aimed to investigate the presence of CoV in subsequent hedgehogs collected from the urban area of Poland and their molecular characteristics.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Monitoring for the presence of coronavirus infection in hedgehogs revealed five positive individuals. The presence of BCoV-Eri was found in a total of 20% of animals tested. Our analyses revealed no correlation between CoVs positivity and animal health conditions but a higher probability of such infection in juveniles and females. The whole genome of two Polish <jats:italic>Hedgehog coronavirus 1</jats:italic> strains were sequenced and compared with available counterparts from European and Asian countries. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both CoV strains formed common cluster with other similar <jats:italic>MerBCoV-Eriirus</jats:italic>, but they were also found to be genetically variable and most changes in the S protein were identified. Our analysis revealed that some S protein sites of the <jats:italic>Hedgehog coronavirus 1</jats:italic> strains evolved under positive selection pressure and of five such sites, three are in the S1 region while the other two in the S2 region of the Spike.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>BCoV-Eri is to some extent prevalent in wildlife asylums in Poland. Given that the S protein of BCoVs-Eri is highly variable and that some sites of this protein evolve under positive selection pressure, these strains could potentially acquire a favourable feature for cross-species transmission. Consequently, the threat to humans working in such asylums is particularly high. Adequate biosecurity safeguards, but also human awareness of such risks, are therefore essential.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0.00
dc.description.if2,3
dc.description.points140
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume20
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12917-024-04277-4
dc.identifier.issn1746-6148
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/1930
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-024-04277-4
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationveterinary science
dc.relation.ispartofBMC Veterinary Research
dc.relation.pagesart. 424
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enBetacoronavirus
dc.subject.enPoland
dc.subject.enWhole genome
dc.subject.enS gene
dc.subject.enhedgehog
dc.titleWhole genome characteristics of hedgehog coronaviruses from Poland and analysis of the evolution of the Spike protein for its interspecies transmission potential
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.volume20