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High-capacity adsorption and pH-responsive release of an antihypertensive drug via urea- and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-functionalized mesoporous carbons

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cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-4385-0051
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid48ec8e95-930e-4be2-b47a-b597e5d7440b
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dc.abstract.enControlled drug delivery systems are increasingly investigated to optimize therapeutic efficacy and reduce the dosing frequency of antihypertensive agents such as losartan potassium. Ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs), featuring uniform pore architecture, high loading capacity, and tunable surface chemistry, offer a versatile platform for the incorporation of drugs, while maintaining structural stability under physiological conditions. In this study, OMCs templated from KIT-6 were synthesized and functionalized with either urea or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to enhance drug–carrier interactions. The functionalization route was modulated using different solvents to alter surface chemistry and partially preserve porosity. Structural and chemical characterization confirmed that solvent polarity influenced both the extent and location of modification: alcohols promoted internal grafting, whereas aqueous systems favored surface-level alteration. Functionalization significantly affected the pH responsiveness of the materials, shifting the zeta potential from consistently negative (pristine carbon) to a tunable range: slightly positive in acidic media, near-neutral at pH 7.2, and highly negative at basic pH. The highest adsorption capacity (280 mg/g) towards losartan potassium was achieved for carbon modified with urea in ethanol. At the same time, the greatest drug release (98.3 %) under near-neutral conditions occurred for the sample treated with surfactant in isopropanol. The thermodynamic analysis confirmed spontaneous physisorption across all materials, and release studies demonstrated clear pH-dependent desorption behavior. Cytotoxicity assays on Caco-2 and HIEC-2 cell lines further verified that the functionalized OMCs are non-toxic under biologically relevant conditions, underscoring their safety for oral administration. These findings support the use of surface-engineered mesoporous carbons as responsive drug carriers.
dc.affiliationWydział Nauk o Żywności i Żywieniu
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Biotechnologii i Mikrobiologii Żywności
dc.contributor.authorOlejnik, Anna [UAM]
dc.contributor.authorEjsmont, Aleksander
dc.contributor.authorSuhas
dc.contributor.authorChaudhary, Monika
dc.contributor.authorOlejnik, Anna
dc.contributor.authorTyagi, Inderjeet
dc.contributor.authorGoscianska, Joanna
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-23T11:21:57Z
dc.date.available2025-10-23T11:21:57Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.bibliographybibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if4,7
dc.description.number15 January 2026
dc.description.points100
dc.description.volume400
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113896
dc.identifier.issn1387-1811
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/5420
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofMicroporous and Mesoporous Materials
dc.relation.pagesart. 113896
dc.rightsClosedAccess
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.titleHigh-capacity adsorption and pH-responsive release of an antihypertensive drug via urea- and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-functionalized mesoporous carbons
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.volume400