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The Adsorptive Removal of Paracetamol as a Model Pollutant from an Aqueous Environment Using Activated Carbons Made from Selected Nutshells as Agricultural Waste

cris.lastimport.scopus2025-10-23T06:54:46Z
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-1750-0437
cris.virtual.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtual.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid85887364-85ee-4a53-91e4-4f76e156f319
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
dc.abstract.enIn this study, carbon adsorbents obtained from agricultural waste, i.e., walnut, hazelnut, and pistachio nutshells, were investigated for the removal of paracetamol (acetaminophen, 4-hydroxyacetanilide) (PAR) from aqueous solutions. Activated carbons (ACs) were produced via a two-step procedure. In the first step, the carbonization of nutshells was carried out at 600 °C, and in the second step, the chemical activation was carried out at 750 °C using alkaline activators, i.e., NaOH and KOH. For all of the ACs obtained and characterized, PAR adsorption kinetics, the adsorption at equilibrium, and the effects of the solution pH were investigated. All results obtained for each nutshell depend on the type of activating agent used. However, in the case of a given activator, there are differences resulting from the type of raw material. Kinetic and isothermal studies revealed that PAR adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir models, respectively. The adsorption capacities of the ACs were very high and ranged from 332.2 to 437.8 mg/g. This study highlights the remarkable potential of nutshells as valuable and cost-effective precursors for the production of ACs that can effectively remove paracetamol from water.
dc.affiliationWydział Leśny i Technologii Drewna
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Chemicznej Technologii Drewna
dc.contributor.authorDoczekalska, Beata
dc.contributor.authorKuśmierek, Krzysztof
dc.contributor.authorŚwiątkowski, Andrzej
dc.date.access2025-07-14
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-14T09:24:20Z
dc.date.available2025-07-14T09:24:20Z
dc.date.copyright2025-07-09
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>In this study, carbon adsorbents obtained from agricultural waste, i.e., walnut, hazelnut, and pistachio nutshells, were investigated for the removal of paracetamol (acetaminophen, 4-hydroxyacetanilide) (PAR) from aqueous solutions. Activated carbons (ACs) were produced via a two-step procedure. In the first step, the carbonization of nutshells was carried out at 600 °C, and in the second step, the chemical activation was carried out at 750 °C using alkaline activators, i.e., NaOH and KOH. For all of the ACs obtained and characterized, PAR adsorption kinetics, the adsorption at equilibrium, and the effects of the solution pH were investigated. All results obtained for each nutshell depend on the type of activating agent used. However, in the case of a given activator, there are differences resulting from the type of raw material. Kinetic and isothermal studies revealed that PAR adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir models, respectively. The adsorption capacities of the ACs were very high and ranged from 332.2 to 437.8 mg/g. This study highlights the remarkable potential of nutshells as valuable and cost-effective precursors for the production of ACs that can effectively remove paracetamol from water.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if2,8
dc.description.number7
dc.description.points70
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume13
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/pr13072198
dc.identifier.issn2227-9717
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/3863
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/7/2198
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationforestry
dc.relation.ispartofProcesses
dc.relation.pagesart. 2198
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enagricultural waste
dc.subject.ennutshells
dc.subject.enactivated carbon
dc.subject.enparacetamol
dc.subject.enchemical activation
dc.subject.enadsorption
dc.titleThe Adsorptive Removal of Paracetamol as a Model Pollutant from an Aqueous Environment Using Activated Carbons Made from Selected Nutshells as Agricultural Waste
dc.title.volumeSpecial Issue Activated Carbon: Contaminant Removal for Environmental Sustainability
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue7
oaire.citation.volume13