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Modification of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin with Triethylenetetramine: Effect on Adhesive Properties and Plywood Strength

cris.lastimport.scopus2025-10-23T06:58:43Z
cris.lastimport.wos2025-10-23T06:55:10Z
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-5539-1841
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-0507-8179
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-6197-7825
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid87e8382f-cc8f-47b2-8f39-361784e40657
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid831a1cd5-517e-47fc-855b-a53fa21ce878
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidb7758df3-1f26-41db-803a-d0c9e2331765
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid06c6ca28-0e9e-49db-83ae-a5207d5e6251
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dc.abstract.enDue to its multiple amino groups, triethylenetetramine (TETA) can be used as an effective formaldehyde scavenger contributing to the reduction in formaldehyde emission from plywood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of small TETA loadings on the properties of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and the performance of the resulting plywood. Adhesive mixtures containing 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% TETA were prepared and characterized in terms of pH, viscosity, solids content, and gel time. The incorporation of TETA significantly increased adhesive pH and gel time, while viscosity and solid content were not significantly affected. The analysis of formaldehyde content and spectroscopic and thermogravimetric analyses of the cured adhesives showed reduced formaldehyde content, changes in chemical structure, and enhanced thermal stability at lower temperatures but accelerated degradation at higher temperatures. Formaldehyde emission from plywood was reduced; however, bonding quality and mechanical performance decreased with higher TETA content. Nevertheless, the wet shear strength of all variants exceeded 1 N/mm2. Adhesive formulation containing 0.5% TETA was selected as the optimal variant, providing environmental benefits while maintaining satisfactory plywood performance.
dc.affiliationWydział Leśny i Technologii Drewna
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Mechanicznej Technologii Drewna
dc.contributor.authorKawalerczyk, Jakub
dc.contributor.authorDukarska, Dorota
dc.contributor.authorGóral, Błażej
dc.contributor.authorAntov, Petar
dc.contributor.authorDziurka, Dorota
dc.contributor.authorMirski, Radosław
dc.date.access2025-10-01
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-09T08:37:27Z
dc.date.available2025-10-09T08:37:27Z
dc.date.copyright2025-09-30
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>Due to its multiple amino groups, triethylenetetramine (TETA) can be used as an effective formaldehyde scavenger contributing to the reduction in formaldehyde emission from plywood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of small TETA loadings on the properties of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and the performance of the resulting plywood. Adhesive mixtures containing 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% TETA were prepared and characterized in terms of pH, viscosity, solids content, and gel time. The incorporation of TETA significantly increased adhesive pH and gel time, while viscosity and solid content were not significantly affected. The analysis of formaldehyde content and spectroscopic and thermogravimetric analyses of the cured adhesives showed reduced formaldehyde content, changes in chemical structure, and enhanced thermal stability at lower temperatures but accelerated degradation at higher temperatures. Formaldehyde emission from plywood was reduced; however, bonding quality and mechanical performance decreased with higher TETA content. Nevertheless, the wet shear strength of all variants exceeded 1 N/mm2. Adhesive formulation containing 0.5% TETA was selected as the optimal variant, providing environmental benefits while maintaining satisfactory plywood performance.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if4,9
dc.description.number19
dc.description.points100
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume17
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/polym17192652
dc.identifier.issn2073-4360
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/5326
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/17/19/2652
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofPolymers
dc.relation.pagesart. 2652
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enplywood
dc.subject.enurea-formaldehyde resin
dc.subject.enformaldehyde scavenger
dc.subject.entriethylenetetramine
dc.titleModification of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin with Triethylenetetramine: Effect on Adhesive Properties and Plywood Strength
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue19
oaire.citation.volume17