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Stomatal density in Pinus sylvestris as an indicator of temperature rather than CO2: Evidence from a pan-European transect

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dc.abstract.enThe commonly observed negative relationship between stomatal density (SD) and atmospheric CO2 has led to SD being proposed as an indicator of atmospheric CO2 concentration. The use of SD as a proxy for CO2, however, has been hampered by an insufficient understanding of the intraspecific variation of this trait. We hypothesized that SD in Pinus sylvestris, a widely distributed conifer, varies geographically and that this variation is determined by major climatic variables. By sampling needles from naturally growing trees along a latitudinal range of 32.25°, equivalent to 13.7°C gradient of mean annual temperature (MAT) across Europe, we found that SD decreased from the warmest southern sites to the coldest sites in the north at a rate of 4 stomata per mm2 for each 1°C, with MAT explaining 44% of the variation. Additionally, samples from a provenance trial exhibited a positive relationship between SD and the MAT of the original localities, suggesting that high SD is an adaptation to warm temperature. Our study revealed one of the strongest intraspecific relationships between SD and climate in any woody species, supporting the utility of SD as a temperature, rather than direct CO2, proxy. In addition, our results predict the response of SD to climate warming.
dc.affiliationWydział Leśny i Technologii Drewna
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Hodowli Lasu
dc.contributor.authorMarek, Sławomir
dc.contributor.authorTomaszewski, Dominik
dc.contributor.authorŻytkowiak, Roma
dc.contributor.authorJasińska, Anna
dc.contributor.authorZadworny, Marcin
dc.contributor.authorBoratyńska, Krystyna
dc.contributor.authorDering, Monika
dc.contributor.authorDanusevičius, Darius
dc.contributor.authorOleksyn, Jacek
dc.contributor.authorWyka, Tomasz P.
dc.date.access2026-03-16
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-26T10:44:22Z
dc.date.available2026-03-26T10:44:22Z
dc.date.copyright2021-11-08
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The commonly observed negative relationship between stomatal density (SD) and atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> has led to SD being proposed as an indicator of atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentration. The use of SD as a proxy for CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, however, has been hampered by an insufficient understanding of the intraspecific variation of this trait. We hypothesized that SD in <jats:italic>Pinus sylvestris</jats:italic>, a widely distributed conifer, varies geographically and that this variation is determined by major climatic variables. By sampling needles from naturally growing trees along a latitudinal range of 32.25°, equivalent to 13.7°C gradient of mean annual temperature (MAT) across Europe, we found that SD decreased from the warmest southern sites to the coldest sites in the north at a rate of 4 stomata per mm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> for each 1°C, with MAT explaining 44% of the variation. Additionally, samples from a provenance trial exhibited a positive relationship between SD and the MAT of the original localities, suggesting that high SD is an adaptation to warm temperature. Our study revealed one of the strongest intraspecific relationships between SD and climate in any woody species, supporting the utility of SD as a temperature, rather than direct CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, proxy. In addition, our results predict the response of SD to climate warming.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if7,3
dc.description.number1
dc.description.points140
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume45
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/pce.14220
dc.identifier.eissn1365-3040
dc.identifier.issn0140-7791
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/7948
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pce.14220
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofPlant, Cell and Environment
dc.relation.pages121 - 132
dc.rightsOther
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOTHER
dc.subject.enadaptive traits
dc.subject.enclimate warming
dc.subject.enclimatic drivers
dc.subject.enclinal variation
dc.subject.enCO2 proxies
dc.subject.enpaleoecology
dc.subject.enprovenance trial
dc.subject.enScots pine
dc.subject.enstomatal traits
dc.titleStomatal density in Pinus sylvestris as an indicator of temperature rather than CO2: Evidence from a pan-European transect
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.volume45