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Thermochemical modification of beech wood with ammonium hydroxide

cris.lastimport.scopus2025-10-23T06:55:54Z
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-1750-0437
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-0167-0722
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-7508-0610
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0003-0076-3190
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid85887364-85ee-4a53-91e4-4f76e156f319
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidaec62b40-2662-43a5-96ef-5b8709af2d4c
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidf2cc771f-2e59-4a98-8e78-3626790912a0
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidbe4662f0-4144-45b2-96f7-33f2859e6d5e
dc.abstract.enFour variants of the thermochemical modification were conducted on beech wood at a temperature of 130 °C, employing NH4OH concentrations of 5% or 10% for durations of either 12 or 24 h. The weight% gain (WPG) and bulking coefficient (BC) were initially calculated. Subsequently, the wood’s degree of discoloration was assessed using the CIELAB-colour-system. Chemical structure alterations were determined through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while the compressive strength of the wood parallel to the grain was measured. As the NH4OH concentration increased and the treatment duration extended, the samples displayed simultaneous weight increase and volume reduction. The ΔE* values of the samples ranged from 19.33 to 21.09 units, indicating significant color alteration. FTIR analysis revealed differences between the spectra of the unmodified control sample and the NH4OH-treated samples. The modification reduced in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups within the main and side chains of hemicelluloses. Additionally, a decrease in the absorption peak intensity of the unconjugated carbonyl group at 1740 cm− 1 indicated a relative reduction in hemicellulose content. Compressive strength tests showed that the thermochemical modification improved the modulus of elasticity, increasing it from 10,898 MPa (in the control sample) to a range of 11,663 − 13,390 MPa. Similarly, the compressive strength increased from 77.10 MPa to 81.56-107.19 MPa. Interestingly, this improvement was more pronounced with higher concentrations of NH4OH and prolonged modification durations.
dc.affiliationWydział Leśny i Technologii Drewna
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Chemicznej Technologii Drewna
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Nauki o Drewnie i Techniki Cieplnej
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Obrabiarek i Podstaw Konstrukcji Maszyn
dc.contributor.authorDoczekalska, Beata
dc.contributor.authorStachowiak-Wencek, Agata
dc.contributor.authorRoszyk, Edward
dc.contributor.authorSydor, Maciej
dc.date.access2025-04-30
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-28T12:23:00Z
dc.date.available2025-07-28T12:23:00Z
dc.date.copyright2023-09-20
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Four variants of the thermochemical modification were conducted on beech wood at a temperature of 130 °C, employing NH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>OH concentrations of 5% or 10% for durations of either 12 or 24 h. The weight% gain (WPG) and bulking coefficient (BC) were initially calculated. Subsequently, the wood’s degree of discoloration was assessed using the CIELAB-colour-system. Chemical structure alterations were determined through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while the compressive strength of the wood parallel to the grain was measured. As the NH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>OH concentration increased and the treatment duration extended, the samples displayed simultaneous weight increase and volume reduction. The Δ<jats:italic>E</jats:italic>* values of the samples ranged from 19.33 to 21.09 units, indicating significant color alteration. FTIR analysis revealed differences between the spectra of the unmodified control sample and the NH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>OH-treated samples. The modification reduced in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups within the main and side chains of hemicelluloses. Additionally, a decrease in the absorption peak intensity of the unconjugated carbonyl group at 1740 cm<jats:sup>− 1</jats:sup> indicated a relative reduction in hemicellulose content. Compressive strength tests showed that the thermochemical modification improved the modulus of elasticity, increasing it from 10,898 MPa (in the control sample) to a range of 11,663 − 13,390 MPa. Similarly, the compressive strength increased from 77.10 MPa to 81.56-107.19 MPa. Interestingly, this improvement was more pronounced with higher concentrations of NH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>OH and prolonged modification durations.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if2,5
dc.description.number2
dc.description.points140
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume82
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00107-023-01992-x
dc.identifier.eissn1436-736X
dc.identifier.issn0018-3768
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/3998
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00107-023-01992-x
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofEuropean Journal of Wood and Wood Products
dc.relation.pages299-308
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.share.typeOTHER
dc.titleThermochemical modification of beech wood with ammonium hydroxide
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue2
oaire.citation.volume82