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The impact of grey water on yield and aesthetic properties of perennial ryegrass

cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-5204-2948
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cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0003-3663-8826
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-7030-3221
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cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-9864-057X
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid835cc2ca-88fb-4190-978e-bb8e93e4551b
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid8cc3d8c6-eb76-45ba-b461-1a1d5e664c52
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidc958793f-eed3-43f8-afcc-10e1aa232f24
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid663f103d-9012-4cd5-92a7-f16e602d155a
dc.abstract.enSelecting optimal turf varieties is crucial for the sustainable management of urban green areas. This study focused on enhancing the overall quality and resilience of urban, suburban, and peri-urban areas. It aimed to assess the aesthetic acceptability of perennial ryegrass turf irrigated with greywater. Sand pots containing perennial ryegrass were irrigated with semi-natural greywater and tap water at two irrigation levels of 15 and 30 mm∙week−1 to examine their effects on aesthetic properties. The experiment included two variations: with and without fertilisation. The study objectives were evaluated using a visual aesthetic scale and by measuring the total dry and wet mass yield of ryegrass. While the aesthetic properties of the grass were found to be relatively low, they were deemed acceptable. The presence of fertilisation had significant impacts on both aesthetic properties and biomass yield. The experiment demonstrated that perennial ryegrass can be cultivated effectively at relatively low irrigation levels, even in soil lacking an organic fraction. The results indicate the possibility of maintaining this type of vegetation in the form of green roofs and vegetative swells. In the case of sandy soil lawns, their purpose should not include intensive trampling due to relatively poor rooting and low soil stability. These findings underscore the potential for sustainable landscaping practices that incorporate greywater irrigation and highlight the importance of considering various factors to optimise aesthetic appeal and productivity of green spaces.
dc.affiliationWydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Inżynierii Mechanicznej
dc.affiliationWydział Rolnictwa, Ogrodnictwa i Biotechnologii
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Inżynierii Wodnej i Sanitarnej
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Łąkarstwa i Krajobrazu Przyrodniczego
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Agronomii
dc.contributor.authorSpychała, Marcin
dc.contributor.authorDwojewska, Martyna
dc.contributor.authorZielewicz, Waldemar
dc.contributor.authorSawinska, Zuzanna
dc.contributor.authorChmielowski, Krzysztof
dc.contributor.authorHalecki, Wiktor
dc.contributor.authorNieć, Jakub
dc.date.access2026-02-23
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-23T13:07:59Z
dc.date.available2026-02-23T13:07:59Z
dc.date.copyright2026-02-16
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>Selecting optimal turf varieties is crucial for the sustainable management of urban green areas. This study focused on enhancing the overall quality and resilience of urban, suburban, and peri-urban areas. It aimed to assess the aesthetic acceptability of perennial ryegrass turf irrigated with greywater. Sand pots containing perennial ryegrass were irrigated with semi-natural greywater and tap water at two irrigation levels of 15 and 30 mm∙week−1 to examine their effects on aesthetic properties. The experiment included two variations: with and without fertilisation. The study objectives were evaluated using a visual aesthetic scale and by measuring the total dry and wet mass yield of ryegrass. While the aesthetic properties of the grass were found to be relatively low, they were deemed acceptable. The presence of fertilisation had significant impacts on both aesthetic properties and biomass yield. The experiment demonstrated that perennial ryegrass can be cultivated effectively at relatively low irrigation levels, even in soil lacking an organic fraction. The results indicate the possibility of maintaining this type of vegetation in the form of green roofs and vegetative swells. In the case of sandy soil lawns, their purpose should not include intensive trampling due to relatively poor rooting and low soil stability. These findings underscore the potential for sustainable landscaping practices that incorporate greywater irrigation and highlight the importance of considering various factors to optimise aesthetic appeal and productivity of green spaces.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.numberI-III
dc.description.points100
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume68
dc.identifier.doi10.24425/jwld.2026.157824
dc.identifier.issn1429-7426
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/7428
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://journals.pan.pl/dlibra/publication/157824/edition/138221/content
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationenvironmental engineering, mining and energy
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Water and Land Development
dc.relation.pages73-82
dc.rightsCC-BY-NC-ND
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enaesthetic properties
dc.subject.engreywater reuse
dc.subject.enirrigation
dc.subject.enperennial ryegrass
dc.subject.ensandy soil
dc.titleThe impact of grey water on yield and aesthetic properties of perennial ryegrass
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication