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Risk assessment of hollow-bearing trees in urban forests

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cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-9558-9951
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid47dc6042-e42b-4858-96c6-5169dfceb88f
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dc.abstract.enThe paper is a study of risk assessment posed by trees in selected urban woodlands (urban forests) of Warsaw. Two groups of trees were analysed and compared: exhibiting signs of maturity and ageing (hollow-bearing trees with open or hidden cavities and/or caries) and with no signs of decay. 373 individual trees growing near routes frequently or continuously used for recreational purposes were examined using Roloff's vitality classification, and tree risk assessment method, complemented by instrumental studies: a resistance resistograph, pulling tests, and sonic tomography (SoT). The collected data was analysed using the Chi-square test. The results indicate that it is not possible to conclude unequivocally that the presence of hollows in aged trees significantly increases the risk of falling. According to the safety factor results from the SoT and pulling tests, no correlation was demonstrated between the presence of hollow trees and an increase in risk class. The highest proportion of hollow trees (89.42%) was in the low risk group for trunk fracture and uprooting. The results also indicate the coherence of the diagnostic methods to be necessary for providing sufficient information to assess the statics and, ultimately, as our study showed, the protection of hollow trees.
dc.affiliationWydział Leśny i Technologii Drewna
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Użytkowania Lasu
dc.contributor.authorSuchocka, Marzena
dc.contributor.authorJelonek, Tomasz
dc.contributor.authorBłaszczyk, Magdalena
dc.contributor.authorWińska-Krysiak, Marzena
dc.contributor.authorKubus, Marcin
dc.contributor.authorZiemiański, Maciej
dc.contributor.authorKalaji, Hazem M.
dc.date.access2025-10-31
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-31T12:14:25Z
dc.date.available2025-10-31T12:14:25Z
dc.date.copyright2023-12-14
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The paper is a study of risk assessment posed by trees in selected urban woodlands (urban forests) of Warsaw. Two groups of trees were analysed and compared: exhibiting signs of maturity and ageing (hollow-bearing trees with open or hidden cavities and/or caries) and with no signs of decay. 373 individual trees growing near routes frequently or continuously used for recreational purposes were examined using Roloff's vitality classification, and tree risk assessment method, complemented by instrumental studies: a resistance resistograph, pulling tests, and sonic tomography (SoT). The collected data was analysed using the Chi-square test. The results indicate that it is not possible to conclude unequivocally that the presence of hollows in aged trees significantly increases the risk of falling. According to the safety factor results from the SoT and pulling tests, no correlation was demonstrated between the presence of hollow trees and an increase in risk class. The highest proportion of hollow trees (89.42%) was in the low risk group for trunk fracture and uprooting. The results also indicate the coherence of the diagnostic methods to be necessary for providing sufficient information to assess the statics and, ultimately, as our study showed, the protection of hollow trees.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if3,8
dc.description.points140
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume13
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-023-49419-0
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/5672
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-49419-0
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofScientific Reports
dc.relation.pagesart. 22214
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.titleRisk assessment of hollow-bearing trees in urban forests
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.volume13