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Development of Soil Substitutes for the Sustainable Land Reclamation of Coal Mine-Affected Areas

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cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-8487-7616
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cris.virtualsource.author-orcid36152344-c22b-454a-81e4-6831f3592c91
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dc.abstract.enThe main purpose of this paper was to outline a novel approach for the use of industrial by-products generated in coal mines and coal-fired power plants as the components for artificial soils. Several coal combustion by-products, coal mine waste and organic waste materials were tested at laboratory scale for use in the reclamation of areas degraded by coal mining activity. The role of artificial soils was the land rehabilitation of the high acidic waste heap. The results revealed that the amounts of organic matter (14.87–25.01%) and nutrients in the soil substitutes were sufficient to support plant growth, i.e., N (0.37–0.51%), P (0.23–0.47%), K (1.78–3.17%), Ca (4.93–8.39%) and Mg (1.16–1.71%). A phytotoxicity test using white mustard (Sinapis alba) seeds under laboratory conditions showed good germination results (56–66%) for three soil substitutes that did not contain fly ash from biomass combustion, compared to the reference soil (84%). The relationships established for the aqueous leachate parameters of soil substitutes vs. the Sinapis alba germination revealed negative correlations with electrical conductivity (r = −0.88), SO4 2− (r = −0.91) and Cl− (r = −0.70) ions; the two latter ones were responsible for the salinity which hampered the germination process of the soil substitutes. Moreover, quite similar correlations were obtained between the germination of Sinapis alba and the trace elements of the soil substitutes: Fe (r = −0.69), Cd (r = −0.72), Cu (r = −0.80), Pb (r = −0.78) and Zn (r = −0.74). However, negative and significant correlations in aqueous leachates were shown only with Ni concentration (r = −0.73). The relevance of these results for the effect of salinity on germination and the early growth of S. alba was discussed in detail and was confirmed with the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The study proved that the physicochemical characteristic of recycled wastes exhibited their potential usefulness for the reclamation of affected areas such as mine waste heaps.
dc.affiliationWydział Rolnictwa, Ogrodnictwa i Bioinżynierii
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Chemii Rolnej i Biogeochemii Środowiska
dc.contributor.authorBauerek, Arkadiusz
dc.contributor.authorDiatta, Jean
dc.contributor.authorPierzchała, Łukasz
dc.contributor.authorWięckol-Ryk, Angelika
dc.contributor.authorKrzemień, Alicja
dc.date.access2026-02-11
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-11T08:14:44Z
dc.date.available2026-02-11T08:14:44Z
dc.date.copyright2022-04-12
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>The main purpose of this paper was to outline a novel approach for the use of industrial by-products generated in coal mines and coal-fired power plants as the components for artificial soils. Several coal combustion by-products, coal mine waste and organic waste materials were tested at laboratory scale for use in the reclamation of areas degraded by coal mining activity. The role of artificial soils was the land rehabilitation of the high acidic waste heap. The results revealed that the amounts of organic matter (14.87–25.01%) and nutrients in the soil substitutes were sufficient to support plant growth, i.e., N (0.37–0.51%), P (0.23–0.47%), K (1.78–3.17%), Ca (4.93–8.39%) and Mg (1.16–1.71%). A phytotoxicity test using white mustard (Sinapis alba) seeds under laboratory conditions showed good germination results (56–66%) for three soil substitutes that did not contain fly ash from biomass combustion, compared to the reference soil (84%). The relationships established for the aqueous leachate parameters of soil substitutes vs. the Sinapis alba germination revealed negative correlations with electrical conductivity (r = −0.88), SO42− (r = −0.91) and Cl− (r = −0.70) ions; the two latter ones were responsible for the salinity which hampered the germination process of the soil substitutes. Moreover, quite similar correlations were obtained between the germination of Sinapis alba and the trace elements of the soil substitutes: Fe (r = −0.69), Cd (r = −0.72), Cu (r = −0.80), Pb (r = −0.78) and Zn (r = −0.74). However, negative and significant correlations in aqueous leachates were shown only with Ni concentration (r = −0.73). The relevance of these results for the effect of salinity on germination and the early growth of S. alba was discussed in detail and was confirmed with the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The study proved that the physicochemical characteristic of recycled wastes exhibited their potential usefulness for the reclamation of affected areas such as mine waste heaps.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if3,9
dc.description.number8
dc.description.points100
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume14
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/su14084604
dc.identifier.issn2071-1050
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/7294
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/8/4604
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofSustainability
dc.relation.pagesart. 4604
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.encoal mining by-products
dc.subject.enspoil tips
dc.subject.enland rehabilitation
dc.subject.enSinapis alba
dc.titleDevelopment of Soil Substitutes for the Sustainable Land Reclamation of Coal Mine-Affected Areas
dc.title.volumeSpecial Issue Urban and Industrial Solid Waste Management
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue8
oaire.citation.volume14