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Trace Elements in Lakes Located in an Agricultural-Forest Catchment: A Case Study of Lake Raczyńskie, Poland

cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-5467-7952
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-5871-0097
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-9616-6184
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidacf9612a-2f0c-4718-8662-83ff0491202d
cris.virtualsource.author-orcide43999bc-c71f-42a1-b52d-5c8e82f73b45
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid42c13a44-7add-43d0-b4d6-fca88ee69d61
dc.abstract.enThe enrichment of bottom sediments with trace elements due to anthropogenic factors is of growing concern worldwide. With the development of industry, agriculture, and urbanization, the risk of freshwater contamination with trace elements is increasing. As trace elements are poorly soluble in water, they have a tendency to accumulate in bottom sediments. The study focused on the evaluation of the trace element contents in the surface layer of bottom sediments of Lake Raczyńskie, located in Poland, and assessing the risks posed by these sediments. The pollution of bottom sediments was estimated based on the index of the geo-accumulation (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), Nemerow multi-factor index (Pn), and pollution load index (PLI). The assessment of environmental risk was evaluated by the potential ecological risk index (RI) and mean PEL quotient method. The results obtained showed that the average contents of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn exceeded the national geochemical background values (Bn), indicating possible enrichment of bottom sediments due to human activity. Only for Mn were the observed contents below the Bn. This evaluation was confirmed by the PLI and Pn values, which indicated sediment pollution from anthropogenic sources. However, the risk assessment by RI and mean PEL showed a low risk of contamination. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) and values of Igeo and EF suggested that Cd, Cu, Mn, and Zn mainly originate from geogenic sources, while Ni and Pb probably come from an unrecognized anthropogenic source. The distribution of Cd, Mn, and Ni depended on the contents of silt and clay fractions. Additionally, organic carbon influenced Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn contents in bottom sediments.
dc.affiliationWydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Inżynierii Mechanicznej
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Gleboznawstwa, Rekultywacji i Geodezji
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Melioracji, Kształtowania Środowiska i Gospodarki Przestrzennej
dc.contributor.authorWiatrowska, Katarzyna
dc.contributor.authorKanclerz, Jolanta
dc.contributor.authorJanicka, Ewelina
dc.date.access2024-12-05
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-05T11:14:54Z
dc.date.available2024-12-05T11:14:54Z
dc.date.copyright2024-11-21
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>The enrichment of bottom sediments with trace elements due to anthropogenic factors is of growing concern worldwide. With the development of industry, agriculture, and urbanization, the risk of freshwater contamination with trace elements is increasing. As trace elements are poorly soluble in water, they have a tendency to accumulate in bottom sediments. The study focused on the evaluation of the trace element contents in the surface layer of bottom sediments of Lake Raczyńskie, located in Poland, and assessing the risks posed by these sediments. The pollution of bottom sediments was estimated based on the index of the geo-accumulation (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), Nemerow multi-factor index (Pn), and pollution load index (PLI). The assessment of environmental risk was evaluated by the potential ecological risk index (RI) and mean PEL quotient method. The results obtained showed that the average contents of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn exceeded the national geochemical background values (Bn), indicating possible enrichment of bottom sediments due to human activity. Only for Mn were the observed contents below the Bn. This evaluation was confirmed by the PLI and Pn values, which indicated sediment pollution from anthropogenic sources. However, the risk assessment by RI and mean PEL showed a low risk of contamination. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) and values of Igeo and EF suggested that Cd, Cu, Mn, and Zn mainly originate from geogenic sources, while Ni and Pb probably come from an unrecognized anthropogenic source. The distribution of Cd, Mn, and Ni depended on the contents of silt and clay fractions. Additionally, organic carbon influenced Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn contents in bottom sediments.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financeother
dc.description.financecost7606,23
dc.description.if3,0
dc.description.number23
dc.description.points100
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume16
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/w16233342
dc.identifier.issn2073-4441
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/2165
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/23/3342
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationenvironmental engineering, mining and energy
dc.relation.ispartofWater (Switzerland)
dc.relation.pagesart. 3342
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enbottom sediments
dc.subject.enecological risk assessment
dc.subject.endistribution
dc.subject.enpollution
dc.subject.entrace elements
dc.titleTrace Elements in Lakes Located in an Agricultural-Forest Catchment: A Case Study of Lake Raczyńskie, Poland
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue23
oaire.citation.volume16
project.funder.nameProjekt PREIDUB