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Functionally rich crop rotations increase calorie and macronutrient outputs across Europe

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dc.abstract.enIncreased crop diversity in cereal-dominated rotations can enhance crop protection, nutrient use efficiency and climate change adaptation. Nevertheless, it is argued that replacing cereals in rotations diminishes food production, threatening food security. Here we compared outputs of calories and macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) for human consumption from cereal monocultures, cereal-only rotations and rotations including two or three functionally distinct crop types (cereals plus root and oil crops, legumes or ley) in 16 long-term experiments across Europe. Rotations with three functional types produced more calories and macronutrients than cereal monocultures and cereal-only rotations with forage crops used to produce milk. Carbohydrate gains depended on growing conditions and crop choice. Advantages increased over time but were lost with forage crops used for beef or biofuel. Functionally rich rotations provided macronutrient proportions closer to recommended human diets. Our analysis shows no trade-off between functionally rich rotations and food production or agricultural land expansion.
dc.affiliationWydział Rolnictwa, Ogrodnictwa i Biotechnologii
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Agronomii
dc.contributor.authorVico, Giulia
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Alessio
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Monique E.
dc.contributor.authorBowles, Timothy
dc.contributor.authorGaudin, Amélie C. M.
dc.contributor.authorWatson, Christine A.
dc.contributor.authorBaldoni, Guido
dc.contributor.authorBerti, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorBlecharczyk, Andrzej
dc.contributor.authorJonczyk, Krzysztof
dc.contributor.authorMazzon, Martina
dc.contributor.authorMarzadori, Claudio
dc.contributor.authorMorari, Francesco
dc.contributor.authorNegri, Lorenzo
dc.contributor.authorOnofri, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorTenorio Pasamón, José Luis
dc.contributor.authorSandström, Boël
dc.contributor.authorSantín-Montanyá, Inés
dc.contributor.authorSawinska, Zuzanna
dc.contributor.authorStalenga, Jarosław
dc.contributor.authorTei, Francesco
dc.contributor.authorTopp, Cairistiona F. E.
dc.contributor.authorWalker, Robin L.
dc.contributor.authorBommarco, Riccardo
dc.date.access2026-02-26
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-26T12:30:48Z
dc.date.available2026-02-26T12:30:48Z
dc.date.copyright2026-02-25
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Increased crop diversity in cereal-dominated rotations can enhance crop protection, nutrient use efficiency and climate change adaptation. Nevertheless, it is argued that replacing cereals in rotations diminishes food production, threatening food security. Here we compared outputs of calories and macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) for human consumption from cereal monocultures, cereal-only rotations and rotations including two or three functionally distinct crop types (cereals plus root and oil crops, legumes or ley) in 16 long-term experiments across Europe. Rotations with three functional types produced more calories and macronutrients than cereal monocultures and cereal-only rotations with forage crops used to produce milk. Carbohydrate gains depended on growing conditions and crop choice. Advantages increased over time but were lost with forage crops used for beef or biofuel. Functionally rich rotations provided macronutrient proportions closer to recommended human diets. Our analysis shows no trade-off between functionally rich rotations and food production or agricultural land expansion.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if21,9
dc.description.number2
dc.description.points200
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume7
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s43016-026-01293-5
dc.identifier.issn2662-1355
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/7500
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-026-01293-5
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofNature Food
dc.relation.pages185–193
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOTHER
dc.titleFunctionally rich crop rotations increase calorie and macronutrient outputs across Europe
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue2
oaire.citation.volume7