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From infancy to school age – a retrospective study of breastfeeding duration and early childhood health in a cohort of 6–7-year-olds

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dc.abstract.enIntroduction and objective: Breastfeeding, particularly in early infancy, plays a crucial role in child health. While its benefits are well documented, few studies have examined how maternal characteristics and sources of breastfeeding knowledge relate to long-term child health outcomes. The aim of the study is to assess associations between the duration of any breastfeeding and maternal socio-demographic factors, breastfeeding information sources, frequency of childhood infections, motor development, and chronic disease occurrence in children aged 6–7 years. Material and methods: The study included 560 mother-child pairs from a family medicine clinic. Eligible children were aged 6–7 years, born after an uncomplicated perinatal course. Data were collected through maternal questionnaires, interviews, and chart reviews. Children were grouped by breastfeeding duration: G1 (0–3 months), G2 (4–6 months), G3 (7–12 months), G4 (>12 months). Outcomes included infection rates, motor milestones, and chronic disease prevalence. Results: Longer breastfeeding (G3-G4) was associated with older maternal age, higher education, professional counselling, and a non-significant trend related to place of residence. Children in G3-G4 had fewer respiratory, otitis media, and gastrointestinal infections (p < 0.05), and lower overall infection rates. No differences were found for UTIs or skin infections. A non-significant trend toward earlier standing was noted in G3-G4 (p = 0.06). Chronic disease prevalence was highest in G1 (41.5%) and lowest in G3 (17%) and G4 (16%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Longer duration of any breastfeeding was linked to lower rates of infections and chronic conditions in early childhood. Targeted support for younger and less-educated mothers may help improve breastfeeding outcomes and child health.
dc.affiliationWydział Medycyny Weterynaryjnej i Nauk o Zwierzętach
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Fizjologii, Biochemii i Biostruktury Zwierząt
dc.contributor.authorChęcińska-Maciejewska, Zuzanna
dc.contributor.authorGibas-Dorna, Magdalena
dc.contributor.authorCzyżniewski, Bartłomiej
dc.contributor.authorKołodziejski, Paweł
dc.contributor.authorPruszyńska-Oszmałek, Ewa
dc.contributor.authorCiborek, Andrzej
dc.contributor.authorKrauss, Hanna
dc.date.access2025-12-12
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-12T12:37:52Z
dc.date.available2025-12-12T12:37:52Z
dc.date.copyright2025-11-26
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographybibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if1,2
dc.description.number4
dc.description.points100
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume32
dc.identifier.doi10.26444/aaem/213418
dc.identifier.eissn1898-2263
dc.identifier.issn1232-1966
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/6379
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.aaem.pl/From-infancy-to-school-age-a-retrospective-study-of-breastfeeding-duration-and-early,213418,0,2.html
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofAnnals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
dc.relation.pages469-475
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enchronic diseases
dc.subject.ensocio-demographic factors
dc.subject.eninfections
dc.subject.enchild health
dc.subject.enbreastfeeding duration
dc.titleFrom infancy to school age – a retrospective study of breastfeeding duration and early childhood health in a cohort of 6–7-year-olds
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication