Non-tariff dimension of neoprotectionism in world trade in agri-food products
| cris.virtual.author-orcid | 0000-0002-5441-6381 | |
| cris.virtualsource.author-orcid | 33947c22-02c6-486f-ac3b-b6c70394a08a | |
| dc.abstract.en | The aim of this paper was to determine the scope of non-tariff measures used in the world agri-food trade in 2020. This study used data of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the Global Trade Alert (GTA) data. Applying the methodology developed by the UNCTAD and the World Trade Organization (WTO) three indexes were established to describe the use of non-tariff measures (NTMs) to trade, i.e., the Frequency Index, the Coverage Ratio and the Prevalence Ratio. The number of trade preferences and trade restrictions used by the largest exporters and importers of agrifood products was also measured. The analysis showed that the scope of use of non-tariff protection measures in world trade in agri-food products is much greater compared to other branches of the economy. In countries implementing a highly protectionist trade policy, such as Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Canada, the USA and Vietnam, non-tariff instruments were used in relation to all tariff lines and the entire value of import. To the greatest extent, non-tariff protection measures were adopted in the trade of non-processed plant origin products, including cereals, oilseeds and oleaginous fruit, fruit and vegetables, as well as dairy products. Countries most commonly implementing trade restrictions against their partners and, at the same time, at greatest risk of retaliatory actions on their part included EU countries, the USA and China. | |
| dc.abstract.pl | Celem artykułu jest określenie zakresu wykorzystania barier pozataryfowych w światowym handlu produktami rolno-spożywczymi w 2020 roku. W badaniach wykorzystano dane Konferencji Narodów Zjednoczonych ds. Handlu i Rozwoju (UNCTAD) oraz Global Trade Alert. Posługując się metodyką opracowaną przez UNCTAD i WTO, wyznaczono trzy wskaźniki opisujące wykorzystanie barier pozataryfowych w handlu, tj. indeks częstości, indeks pokrycia i wskaźnik powszechności. Zmierzono także liczbę preferencji handlowych i restrykcji handlowych zastosowanych przez największych światowych eksporterów i importerów produktów rolno-spożywczych. Na podstawie zrealizowanych badań można stwierdzić, że zakres wykorzystania środków protekcji pozataryfowej w światowym handlu produktami rolno-spożywczymi jest dużo większy niż w innych branżach. W krajach prowadzących wysoce protekcjonistyczną politykę handlową, takich jak Brazylia, Chiny, Indie, Indonezja, Kanada, USA i Wietnam, środki pozataryfowe stosowano w odniesieniu do wszystkich linii taryfowych i całej wartości importu. W największym zakresie instrumenty protekcji pozataryfowej były stosowane w handlu nieprzetworzonymi produktami pochodzenia roślinnego, takimi jak zboża, nasiona i owoce oleistych, owoce i warzywa, oraz produktami mleczarskimi. Wśród krajów najczęściej wprowadzających restrykcje handlowe wobec swoich partnerów, a zarazem najbardziej narażonych na działania odwetowe z ich strony, znalazły się trzy kraje: UE, USA i Chiny. | |
| dc.affiliation | Wydział Ekonomiczny | |
| dc.affiliation.institute | Katedra Ekonomii i Polityki Gospodarczej w Agrobiznesie | |
| dc.contributor.author | Pawlak, Karolina | |
| dc.date.access | 2025-12-19 | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-12-23T13:35:34Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-12-23T13:35:34Z | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2022-03-15 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.description.abstract | <jats:p>The aim of this paper was to determine the scope of non-tariff measures used in the world agri-food trade in 2020. This study used data of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the Global Trade Alert data. Applying the methodology developed by the UNCTAD and the World Trade Organization (WTO) three indexes were established to describe the use of non-tariff measures (NTMs) to trade, i.e., the Frequency Index, the Coverage Ratio and the Prevalence Ratio. The number of trade preferences and trade restrictions used by the largest exporters and importers of agri-food products was also measured. The analysis showed that the scope of use of non-tariff protection measures in world trade in agri-food products is much greater compared to other branches of the economy. In countries implementing a highly protectionist trade policy, such as Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Canada, the USA and Vietnam, non-tariff instruments were used in relation to all tariff lines and the entire value of import. To the greatest extent, non-tariff protection measures were adopted in the trade of non-processed plant origin products, including cereals, oilseeds and oleaginous fruit, fruit and vegetables, as well as dairy products. Countries most commonly implementing trade restrictions against their partners and, at the same time, at greatest risk of retaliatory actions on their part included EU countries, the USA and China.</jats:p> | |
| dc.description.accesstime | at_publication | |
| dc.description.bibliography | bibliogr. | |
| dc.description.finance | publication_nocost | |
| dc.description.financecost | 0,00 | |
| dc.description.number | 1 | |
| dc.description.points | 40 | |
| dc.description.version | final_published | |
| dc.description.volume | 24 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.5604/01.3001.0015.7473 | |
| dc.identifier.eissn | 2657-7828 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 2657-781X | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/6516 | |
| dc.identifier.weblink | https://rnseria.com/article/157473/en | |
| dc.language | en | |
| dc.language.other | pl | |
| dc.relation.ispartof | Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists | |
| dc.relation.pages | 209-224 | |
| dc.rights | CC-BY | |
| dc.sciencecloud | nosend | |
| dc.share.type | OPEN_JOURNAL | |
| dc.subject.en | international trade | |
| dc.subject.en | trade policy | |
| dc.subject.en | neoprotectionism | |
| dc.subject.en | agri-food products | |
| dc.subject.en | non-tariff measures to trade | |
| dc.subject.pl | handel międzynarodowy | |
| dc.subject.pl | polityka handlowa | |
| dc.subject.pl | neoprotekcjonizm | |
| dc.subject.pl | produkty rolno-spożywcze | |
| dc.subject.pl | pozataryfowe instrumenty polityki handlowej | |
| dc.title | Non-tariff dimension of neoprotectionism in world trade in agri-food products | |
| dc.title.alternative | Pozataryfowy wymiar neoprotekcjonizmu w światowym handlu produktami rolno-spożywczymi | |
| dc.type | JournalArticle | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication | |
| oaire.citation.issue | 1 | |
| oaire.citation.volume | XXIV |