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Associations of plasma betaine, plasma choline, choline intake, and MTHFR polymorphism (rs1801133) with anthropometric parameters of healthy adults are sex‐dependent

cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-6563-3640
cris.virtual.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0003-4570-7221
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-2045-0709
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid14660f62-2ba1-4e26-9583-d521a27f42e9
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtualsource.author-orciddafe00c4-99bb-45f5-8886-d6f261ff6cb3
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid20ac3fe1-f398-4ef7-ab0b-a6a20460f69f
dc.abstract.enBackground: Choline and its metabolites apppear to have relationships with body mass index (BMI), body fat, and body weight, but the research results have proved inconsistent. We thus investigated the associations of plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), choline, and betaine with anthropometric measurements, including modulatory effects of genetics and diet. Methods: The study was performed on a group of 421 adults, aged 20–40 years, who had been recruited in Poland. Plasma concentrations of choline, betaine, and TMAO were determined using reverse-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. The following polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan probes: rs180113 (MTHFR), rs70991108 (DHFR), rs2236225 (MTHFD1), and rs7946 and rs12325817 (PEMT). We employed multivariate linear regression to examine the associations between anthropometric measurements, one-carbon metabolism metabolites, and genotypes. Results: Higher plasma choline was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.17; p < 0.01), body weight (β = 0.11; p < 0.05), body fat mass (FM) (β = 0.10; p < 0.05), and waist circumference (WC) (β = 0.14; p < 0.01), whereas higher choline intake was associated with lower body FM (β = −0.14; p < 0.01) and lower WC (β = −0.12; p < 0.01). After stratification by sex, plasma betaine was found to be associated with lower BMI (β = −0.20; p < 0.05) and body weight (β = −0.16; p < 0.05) in men only, whereas choline intake was associated with lower body FM (β = −0.19; p < 0.05) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (β = −0.19; p < 0.05) and MTHFR CC genotype was associated with WHR (β = 0.15; p < 0.05) in women only. Conclusions: Higher plasma betaine and higher dietary choline are associated with lower FM and body weight, whereas higher plasma choline is positively associated with body weight status and adiposity. Moreover, these associations appear to be sex-specific.
dc.affiliationWydział Nauk o Żywności i Żywieniu
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Żywienia Człowieka i Dietetyki
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Technologii Żywności Pochodzenia Roślinnego
dc.contributor.authorMłodzik-Czyżewska, Monika
dc.contributor.authorMalinowska, Anna M.
dc.contributor.authorSzwengiel, Artur
dc.contributor.authorChmurzyńska, Agata
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-27T08:53:53Z
dc.date.available2025-10-27T08:53:53Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Choline and its metabolites apppear to have relationships with body mass index (BMI), body fat, and body weight, but the research results have proved inconsistent. We thus investigated the associations of plasma levels of trimethylamine <jats:italic>N</jats:italic>‐oxide (TMAO), choline, and betaine with anthropometric measurements, including modulatory effects of genetics and diet.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>The study was performed on a group of 421 adults, aged 20–40 years, who had been recruited in Poland. Plasma concentrations of choline, betaine, and TMAO were determined using reverse‐phase ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. The following polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan probes: rs180113 (<jats:italic>MTHFR</jats:italic>), rs70991108 (<jats:italic>DHFR</jats:italic>), rs2236225 (<jats:italic>MTHFD1</jats:italic>), and rs7946 and rs12325817 (<jats:italic>PEMT</jats:italic>). We employed multivariate linear regression to examine the associations between anthropometric measurements, one‐carbon metabolism metabolites, and genotypes.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Higher plasma choline was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.17; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), body weight (β = 0.11; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), body fat mass (FM) (β = 0.10; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), and waist circumference (WC) (β = 0.14; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), whereas higher choline intake was associated with lower body FM (β = −0.14; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and lower WC (β = −0.12; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). After stratification by sex, plasma betaine was found to be associated with lower BMI (β = −0.20; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and body weight (β = −0.16; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) in men only, whereas choline intake was associated with lower body FM (β = −0.19; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) (β = −0.19; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and <jats:italic>MTHFR</jats:italic> CC genotype was associated with WHR (β = 0.15; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) in women only.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Higher plasma betaine and higher dietary choline are associated with lower FM and body weight, whereas higher plasma choline is positively associated with body weight status and adiposity. Moreover, these associations appear to be sex‐specific.</jats:p></jats:sec>
dc.description.bibliographybibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if3,3
dc.description.number4
dc.description.points100
dc.description.volume35
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/jhn.13046
dc.identifier.eissn1365-277X
dc.identifier.issn0952-3871
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/5450
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
dc.relation.pages701-712
dc.relation.projectMetabolizm grup jednowęglowych u osób z nadwagą i otyłością.
dc.rightsClosedAccess
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.subject.enbetaine
dc.subject.enbody composition
dc.subject.encholine
dc.subject.enMTHFR
dc.subject.enPEMT
dc.titleAssociations of plasma betaine, plasma choline, choline intake, and MTHFR polymorphism (rs1801133) with anthropometric parameters of healthy adults are sex‐dependent
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue4
oaire.citation.volume35