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Mycobiome of Post-Agricultural Soils 20 Years after Application of Organic Substrates and Planting of Pine Seedlings

cris.lastimport.scopus2025-10-23T06:58:43Z
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dc.abstract.enA 20-year study of a pine stand on post-agricultural land showed that woody debris in the form of organic matter can be successfully used to restore symbiotic mycorrhizal communities, as is the case with forest soils. Woody substrates restored organic matter in soils altered by long agricultural use and had a positive effect on the composition of mycobiota antagonistic to pathogens, especially to Heterobasidion annosum, the causal agent of the dangerous disease root and stump rot of many forest tree species, including stands of Pinus sylvestris (L.). In a study that started in 2001 in the forest district of Czarne Człuchowskie (northern Poland), the following organic materials were used: wood residues (W), sawdust (S), bark compost (B), and compost applied to the root zone during planting (G). The organic materials were spread in the form of mulch over the entire area during planting. After twenty years, it was found that the substrates used provided suitable growth conditions for mycobiome useful for pines. The addition of organic matter did not change the alpha biodiversity of the soil, but in the long term led to significant changes in the composition of mycobiota (beta biodiversity). The changes in the soil after the addition of organic material naturally accelerated the formation of the forest habitat. A number of fungi evolved that degraded added lignin and cellulose while being antagonists of H. annosum and other pine pathogens. In particular, the well-known hyperpathogens of the genus Trichoderma played an important role by promoting resistance of the soil environment to pathogens. Soil enrichment by bark compost and wood residues increased the relative abundance of Trichoderma more than fourfold.Mycorrhizal fungi became dominant in soil enriched with organic matter. After enriching the soil with bark compost, the relative abundance of Amphinema and Inocybe increased to 5%. The relative abundance of Russula in soil enriched with wood residues and sawdust increased to 9% and 5%, respectively. Mycorrhizal fungi, e.g., of the genus Ąmanita, Rusula, which formed root mycorrhizae, not only increased the root receiving area many times over, but also protected the roots (mechanically and chemically from pathogens). Altogether, the observed positive changes increase the chances that the first generation of pines will survive on the ground.
dc.affiliationWydział Leśny i Technologii Drewna
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Entomologii i Fitopatologii Leśnej
dc.contributor.authorMalewski, Tadeusz
dc.contributor.authorBorowik, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorOlejarski, Ireneusz
dc.contributor.authorBerezovska, Daria
dc.contributor.authorDyshko, Valentyna
dc.contributor.authorBehnke-Borowczyk, Jolanta
dc.contributor.authorPusz, Wojciech
dc.contributor.authorMatic, Slavica
dc.contributor.authorOszako, Tomasz
dc.date.access2025-06-23
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-01T05:41:51Z
dc.date.available2025-10-01T05:41:51Z
dc.date.copyright2022-12-25
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>A 20-year study of a pine stand on post-agricultural land showed that woody debris in the form of organic matter can be successfully used to restore symbiotic mycorrhizal communities, as is the case with forest soils. Woody substrates restored organic matter in soils altered by long agricultural use and had a positive effect on the composition of mycobiota antagonistic to pathogens, especially to Heterobasidion annosum, the causal agent of the dangerous disease root and stump rot of many forest tree species, including stands of Pinus sylvestris (L.). In a study that started in 2001 in the forest district of Czarne Człuchowskie (northern Poland), the following organic materials were used: wood residues (W), sawdust (S), bark compost (B), and compost applied to the root zone during planting (G). The organic materials were spread in the form of mulch over the entire area during planting. After twenty years, it was found that the substrates used provided suitable growth conditions for mycobiome useful for pines. The addition of organic matter did not change the alpha biodiversity of the soil, but in the long term led to significant changes in the composition of mycobiota (beta biodiversity). The changes in the soil after the addition of organic material naturally accelerated the formation of the forest habitat. A number of fungi evolved that degraded added lignin and cellulose while being antagonists of H. annosum and other pine pathogens. In particular, the well-known hyperpathogens of the genus Trichoderma played an important role by promoting resistance of the soil environment to pathogens. Soil enrichment by bark compost and wood residues increased the relative abundance of Trichoderma more than fourfold.Mycorrhizal fungi became dominant in soil enriched with organic matter. After enriching the soil with bark compost, the relative abundance of Amphinema and Inocybe increased to 5%. The relative abundance of Russula in soil enriched with wood residues and sawdust increased to 9% and 5%, respectively. Mycorrhizal fungi, e.g., of the genus Ąmanita, Rusula, which formed root mycorrhizae, not only increased the root receiving area many times over, but also protected the roots (mechanically and chemically from pathogens). Altogether, the observed positive changes increase the chances that the first generation of pines will survive on the ground.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if2,4
dc.description.number1
dc.description.points100
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume14
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/f14010036
dc.identifier.issn1999-4907
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/5103
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/1/36
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofForests
dc.relation.pagesart. 36
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enafforestation
dc.subject.enroot and butt rot
dc.subject.enHeterobasidion annosum
dc.subject.enorganic matter
dc.subject.enfungi diversity
dc.subject.enmycorrhizal fungi
dc.subject.enPinus sylvestris
dc.titleMycobiome of Post-Agricultural Soils 20 Years after Application of Organic Substrates and Planting of Pine Seedlings
dc.title.volumeSpecial Issue Biological Control in Forests Protection)
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.volume14