Simple item page
 

Fire Properties of Paper Sheets Made of Cellulose Fibers Treated with Various Retardants

cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0003-0138-3034
cris.virtual.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtual.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtual.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidecba7829-1555-40c7-9a9b-e479473ebd4c
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid585a16a3-58cf-427d-9db3-049624fbb67a
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
dc.abstract.enThis article presents the results of flame-retardancy tests conducted on cellulose sheets produced using a Rapid Köthen apparatus treated with retardants. The agents used were potassium carbonate (PC) K2CO3 (concentrations of 20; 33.3; and 50% wt/wt), monoammonium phosphate (MAP) NH4H2PO4 (concentrations of 35% wt/wt), diammonium phosphate (DAP) (NH4)2HPO4 (concentrations of 42.9% wt/wt), and bisguanidal phosphate (FOS) C2H10N6 (concentrations of 22.5% wt/wt). The agents were used to improve Kraft cellulose-based sheets’ flame-retardant properties and compare their performances. As part of the study, the flammability of the materials was determined by the following methods: an oxygen index (OI) test, a mass loss calorimeter (MLC) test, and a mini fire tube (MFT) test. All formulations showed an increase in flame retardancy compared to the control test. All protected samples were non-flammable for OI determinations, and DAP-protected samples showed the highest OI index. For the MLC test, DAP-protected and MAP-protected samples showed the best heat-release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), and average heat-release rate (ARHE) (samples did not ignite for 600 s). In the MFT test, all treated samples had comparably reduced weight loss. The best parameter was achieved for MAP and DAP (15% weight loss).
dc.affiliationWydział Leśny i Technologii Drewna
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Chemicznej Technologii Drewna
dc.contributor.authorSzubert, Zuzanna
dc.contributor.authorMazela, Bartłomiej
dc.contributor.authorTomkowiak, Karolina
dc.contributor.authorGrześkowiak, Wojciech
dc.date.access2025-01-30
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-26T09:14:07Z
dc.date.available2025-02-26T09:14:07Z
dc.date.copyright2024-06-22
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>This article presents the results of flame-retardancy tests conducted on cellulose sheets produced using a Rapid Köthen apparatus treated with retardants. The agents used were potassium carbonate (PC) K2CO3 (concentrations of 20; 33.3; and 50% wt/wt), monoammonium phosphate (MAP) NH4H2PO4 (concentrations of 35% wt/wt), diammonium phosphate (DAP) (NH4)2HPO4 (concentrations of 42.9% wt/wt), and bisguanidal phosphate (FOS) C2H10N6 (concentrations of 22.5% wt/wt). The agents were used to improve Kraft cellulose-based sheets’ flame-retardant properties and compare their performances. As part of the study, the flammability of the materials was determined by the following methods: an oxygen index (OI) test, a mass loss calorimeter (MLC) test, and a mini fire tube (MFT) test. All formulations showed an increase in flame retardancy compared to the control test. All protected samples were non-flammable for OI determinations, and DAP-protected samples showed the highest OI index. For the MLC test, DAP-protected and MAP-protected samples showed the best heat-release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), and average heat-release rate (ARHE) (samples did not ignite for 600 s). In the MFT test, all treated samples had comparably reduced weight loss. The best parameter was achieved for MAP and DAP (15% weight loss).</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if3,1
dc.description.number13
dc.description.points140
dc.description.reviewreview
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume17
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ma17133074
dc.identifier.issn1996-1944
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/2520
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/13/3074
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationforestry
dc.relation.ispartofMaterials
dc.relation.pagesart. 3074
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.encellulose
dc.subject.enpaper products
dc.subject.enmolded fibers
dc.subject.enfire retardants
dc.subject.enmass loss calorimeter
dc.subject.enmini fire tube
dc.titleFire Properties of Paper Sheets Made of Cellulose Fibers Treated with Various Retardants
dc.title.volumeSpecial Issue Functional Cellulosic Materials
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue13
oaire.citation.volume17