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Enhancing Acclimatization of Micropropagated Pistachio Through Optimization of Light Spectrum and Vapor Pressure Deficit

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dc.abstract.enThe light spectrum and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) are key environmental factors that significantly influence the morphophysiological development and survival of micropropagated woody plants during acclimatization. However, few studies have focused on their interactive effects under ex vitro conditions. This study examined the combined effects of four light spectra (white, blue, red, and red–blue) and two VPD levels (low: 0.2 kPa; high: 1.0 kPa) on growth, photosynthesis pigments, biochemical indices, and leaf temperature of Pistacia spp. ‘UCB1’ plantlets over a 30-day acclimatization period. The results demonstrated that red–blue light under low VPD significantly enhanced plantlet performance across multiple parameters, resulting in the highest leaflet number (79.25 pieces), stem diameter (2.13 mm), leaf dry weight (0.048 g), leaf fresh weight (0.15 g), root length (1.48 cm), and leaf area (103.3 cm2). Furthermore, this treatment markedly increased anthocyanin, total soluble carbohydrate content, and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids). Principal component and correlation analyses identified that red–blue light under low VPD was strongly associated with traits linked to growth and photosynthetic ability, whereas blue and white light under high VPD showed the weakest responses. Entropy-weighted TOPSIS ranked red–blue light under low VPD as the most effective treatment for balanced morpho-physiological functions during acclimatization. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing spectral quality and VPD to enhance autotrophic transition and ex vitro establishment in pistachio plantlets. These findings are important for improving ex vitro survival and large-scale propagation efficiency of micropropagated pistachio plantlets.
dc.affiliationWydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Inżynierii Mechanicznej
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Inżynierii Biosystemów
dc.contributor.authorDavarzani, Maryam
dc.contributor.authorZarbakhsh, Saeedeh
dc.contributor.authorSarikhani, Saadat
dc.contributor.authorRoozban, Mahmoud Reza
dc.contributor.authorEshghi, Saeid
dc.contributor.authorAliniaeifard, Sasan
dc.contributor.authorNiedbała, Gniewko
dc.contributor.authorVahdati, Kourosh
dc.date.access2026-02-27
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-27T10:48:08Z
dc.date.available2026-02-27T10:48:08Z
dc.date.copyright2026-02-02
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>The light spectrum and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) are key environmental factors that significantly influence the morphophysiological development and survival of micropropagated woody plants during acclimatization. However, few studies have focused on their interactive effects under ex vitro conditions. This study examined the combined effects of four light spectra (white, blue, red, and red–blue) and two VPD levels (low: 0.2 kPa; high: 1.0 kPa) on growth, photosynthesis pigments, biochemical indices, and leaf temperature of Pistacia spp. ‘UCB1’ plantlets over a 30-day acclimatization period. The results demonstrated that red–blue light under low VPD significantly enhanced plantlet performance across multiple parameters, resulting in the highest leaflet number (79.25 pieces), stem diameter (2.13 mm), leaf dry weight (0.048 g), leaf fresh weight (0.15 g), root length (1.48 cm), and leaf area (103.3 cm2). Furthermore, this treatment markedly increased anthocyanin, total soluble carbohydrate content, and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids). Principal component and correlation analyses identified that red–blue light under low VPD was strongly associated with traits linked to growth and photosynthetic ability, whereas blue and white light under high VPD showed the weakest responses. Entropy-weighted TOPSIS ranked red–blue light under low VPD as the most effective treatment for balanced morpho-physiological functions during acclimatization. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing spectral quality and VPD to enhance autotrophic transition and ex vitro establishment in pistachio plantlets. These findings are important for improving ex vitro survival and large-scale propagation efficiency of micropropagated pistachio plantlets.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financeother
dc.description.financecost7405,00
dc.description.if4,1
dc.description.number3
dc.description.points70
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume15
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/plants15030460
dc.identifier.issn2223-7747
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/7521
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/15/3/460
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationmechanical engineering
dc.relation.ispartofPlants
dc.relation.pagesart. 460
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enacclimatization
dc.subject.enPistacia spp.
dc.subject.enphotosynthetic pigments
dc.subject.enred–blue LED
dc.titleEnhancing Acclimatization of Micropropagated Pistachio Through Optimization of Light Spectrum and Vapor Pressure Deficit
dc.title.volumeSpecial Issue The Role of LEDs in Plant Growth Regulation Under Controlled Environments
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue3
oaire.citation.volume15