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The impact of N‐acetylcysteine on lactate, biomarkers of oxidative stress, immune response, and muscle damage: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-9030-1805
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-2045-0709
cris.virtual.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidd9cad178-0d31-4dd0-a418-60d6ed7cfa5d
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid20ac3fe1-f398-4ef7-ab0b-a6a20460f69f
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
dc.abstract.enN‐acetylcysteine (NAC) is a compound whose mechanism of action is intricately linked to the provision of cysteine for glutathione synthesis. It has been used in medicine and has also made significant inroads into sports, as it can modify the levels of several biomarkers, including those of oxidative processes, inflammation and muscle damage after exercise. Because the effectiveness of NAC supplementation is unclear, the primary objective of the present study was to perform a meta‐analysis elucidating how NAC supplementation alters the concentrations of GSH (glutathione), GSSG (glutathione disulfide), TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), IL‐6 (interleukin 6), TNF‐α (tumour necrosis factor alpha), CK (creatine kinase), lactate, and muscle soreness after physical exertion. Suitable studies were searched for from February to September 2023, and the results of those included (n = 20) indicate that NAC supplementation significantly diminishes both muscle soreness (p = 0.03; the mean difference (MD) of NAC's effect was −0.43 with a 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.81, −0.04) and lactate concentrations after exercise (p = 0.03; the MD −0.56 mmol/L; 95% CI, −1.07, −0.06). A substantial decrease was observed in concentrations of IL‐6 (p = 0.03; the standardized MD (SMD) was −1.71; 95% CI, −3.26, −0.16) and TBARS (p = 0.02; SMD was −1.03, 95% CI, −1.90, −0.15). Furthermore, an elevation in GSH concentration was observed following supplementation. However, we saw no significant effect of NAC on TNF‐α, CK or GSSG concentrations. NAC supplementation holds promise for attenuating muscle soreness, lactate, TBARS and IL‐6 concentrations and increasing GSH level following physical exertion.
dc.affiliationWydział Nauk o Żywności i Żywieniu
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Żywienia Człowieka i Dietetyki
dc.contributor.authorSadowski, Marcin
dc.contributor.authorZawieja, Emilia
dc.contributor.authorChmurzyńska, Agata
dc.date.access2024-12-12
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-09T10:54:20Z
dc.date.available2025-01-09T10:54:20Z
dc.date.copyright2024-12-04
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) is a compound whose mechanism of action is intricately linked to the provision of cysteine for glutathione synthesis. It has been used in medicine and has also made significant inroads into sports, as it can modify the levels of several biomarkers, including those of oxidative processes, inflammation and muscle damage after exercise. Because the effectiveness of NAC supplementation is unclear, the primary objective of the present study was to perform a meta‐analysis elucidating how NAC supplementation alters the concentrations of GSH (glutathione), GSSG (glutathione disulfide), TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), IL‐6 (interleukin 6), TNF‐α (tumour necrosis factor alpha), CK (creatine kinase), lactate, and muscle soreness after physical exertion. Suitable studies were searched for from February to September 2023, and the results of those included (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 20) indicate that NAC supplementation significantly diminishes both muscle soreness (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.03; the mean difference (MD) of NAC's effect was −0.43 with a 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.81, −0.04) and lactate concentrations after exercise (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.03; the MD −0.56 mmol/L; 95% CI, −1.07, −0.06). A substantial decrease was observed in concentrations of IL‐6 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.03; the standardized MD (SMD) was −1.71; 95% CI, −3.26, −0.16) and TBARS (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.02; SMD was −1.03, 95% CI, −1.90, −0.15). Furthermore, an elevation in GSH concentration was observed following supplementation. However, we saw no significant effect of NAC on TNF‐α, CK or GSSG concentrations. NAC supplementation holds promise for attenuating muscle soreness, lactate, TBARS and IL‐6 concentrations and increasing GSH level following physical exertion.</jats:p>
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0,00
dc.description.if4,3
dc.description.number23
dc.description.points100
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume28
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/jcmm.70198
dc.identifier.eissn1582-4934
dc.identifier.issn1582-1838
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/2309
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11617117/
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
dc.relation.pagese70198
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.subject.englutathione
dc.subject.eninterleukin 6
dc.subject.enmuscle damage
dc.subject.enmuscle soreness
dc.subject.enN‐acetylcysteine
dc.subtypeReviewArticle
dc.titleThe impact of N‐acetylcysteine on lactate, biomarkers of oxidative stress, immune response, and muscle damage: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue23
oaire.citation.volume28