Simple item page
 

Dietary choline intake in European and non-european populations: current status and future trends—a narrative review

cris.virtual.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtual.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-2045-0709
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid20ac3fe1-f398-4ef7-ab0b-a6a20460f69f
dc.abstract.enBackground: Choline is a nutrient necessary for the proper functioning of the body with a multidimensional impact on human health. However, comprehensive studies evaluating the dietary intake of choline are limited. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze current trends in choline intake in European and non-European populations. The secondary aim was to discuss possible future choline trends. Methods: The search strategy involved a systematic approach to identifying relevant literature that met specific inclusion criteria. Observational studies and randomized clinical trials were searched for in PubMed and Scopus databases from January 2016 to April 2024. This review includes the characteristics of study groups, sample sizes, methods used to assess choline intake and time period, databases used to determine intake, choline intakes, and the main sources of choline in the diet. The review considered all population groups for which information on choline intake was collected. Results: In most studies performed in Europe after 2015 choline intake did not exceed 80% of the AI standard value. The mean choline intake for adults in different European countries were 310 mg/day, while the highest value was reported for Polish men at 519 mg/day. In non-European countries, mean choline intakes were 293 mg/day and above. The main reported sources of choline in the diet are products of animal origin, mainly eggs and meat. The available data describing the potential intake of these products in the EU in the future predict an increase in egg intake by another 8% compared to 2008–2019 and a decrease in meat intake by about 2 kg per capita from 2018 to 2030. Conclusions: In the last decade, choline intake among adults has been insufficient, both in Europe and outside it. In each population group, including pregnant women, choline intake has been lower than recommended. Future choline intake may depend on trends in meat and egg consumption, but also on the rapidly growing market of plantbased products. However, the possible changes in the intake of the main sources of choline may lead to either no change or a slight increase in overall choline intake.
dc.affiliationWydział Nauk o Żywności i Żywieniu
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Żywienia Człowieka i Dietetyki
dc.contributor.authorZuk, Ewelina
dc.contributor.authorNikrandt, Grzegorz
dc.contributor.authorChmurzyńska, Agata
dc.date.access2024-09-12
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-12T10:03:33Z
dc.date.available2024-09-12T10:03:33Z
dc.date.copyright2024-06-28
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstract<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Choline is a nutrient necessary for the proper functioning of the body with a multidimensional impact on human health. However, comprehensive studies evaluating the dietary intake of choline are limited. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze current trends in choline intake in European and non-European populations. The secondary aim was to discuss possible future choline trends.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>The search strategy involved a systematic approach to identifying relevant literature that met specific inclusion criteria. Observational studies and randomized clinical trials were searched for in PubMed and Scopus databases from January 2016 to April 2024. This review includes the characteristics of study groups, sample sizes, methods used to assess choline intake and time period, databases used to determine intake, choline intakes, and the main sources of choline in the diet. The review considered all population groups for which information on choline intake was collected.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>In most studies performed in Europe after 2015 choline intake did not exceed 80% of the AI standard value. The mean choline intake for adults in different European countries were 310 mg/day, while the highest value was reported for Polish men at 519 mg/day. In non-European countries, mean choline intakes were 293 mg/day and above. The main reported sources of choline in the diet are products of animal origin, mainly eggs and meat. The available data describing the potential intake of these products in the EU in the future predict an increase in egg intake by another 8% compared to 2008–2019 and a decrease in meat intake by about 2 kg per capita from 2018 to 2030.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>In the last decade, choline intake among adults has been insufficient, both in Europe and outside it. In each population group, including pregnant women, choline intake has been lower than recommended. Future choline intake may depend on trends in meat and egg consumption, but also on the rapidly growing market of plant-based products. However, the possible changes in the intake of the main sources of choline may lead to either no change or a slight increase in overall choline intake.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
dc.description.bibliographybibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_nocost
dc.description.financecost0.00
dc.description.if4,4
dc.description.points140
dc.description.reviewreview
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume23
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12937-024-00970-0
dc.identifier.eissn1475-2891
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/1739
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-024-00970-0
dc.languageen
dc.relation.ispartofNutrition Journal
dc.relation.pagesart. 68
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudsend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.enCholine intake
dc.subject.enEgg and meat intake
dc.subject.enPlant-based products
dc.subject.enVegetarian diet
dc.subtypeReviewArticle
dc.titleDietary choline intake in European and non-european populations: current status and future trends—a narrative review
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.volume23