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Classification issues of drained organic soils in relation to selected features of soil water regime: A case study from central Poland

cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-7940-4312
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-9879-3683
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-1453-0374
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-0340-3273
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-4582-4535
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-9035-5566
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-2707-4590
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0002-4368-900X
cris.virtual.author-orcid0000-0001-6924-7608
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid4e05d7ee-f3d8-4d63-b989-c872dea972e0
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidca072ee5-5e34-4a46-8369-e7963fb188c0
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid917b05fe-6da6-4828-82f0-08b7c58485fd
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid1ed1f464-ad28-4276-94f3-9b7597fe3851
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidaf596bb6-3efd-4e74-8951-300195ffda2f
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid0af85ff7-592a-41dd-b95f-b72a7ed8b15a
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid0d9e79f3-4e7c-45ff-ade9-c55b6e8b68d5
cris.virtualsource.author-orcidcedb7ef5-93cc-45fa-baa3-72677db63ca4
cris.virtualsource.author-orcid53499397-0aa9-442c-9da2-ffda895708e9
dc.abstract.enOrganic soils constitute a major terrestrial carbon reservoir and play a key role in regulating climate, biodiversity, and water balance. In Poland, organic soils—mainly of peat origin—cover approximately 1.3 million hectares (4.3%), of which about 85% have been drained or hydrologically altered. Drainage modifies their water regime, leading to a drop in the groundwater table (GWT), typically oscillating between 0.3 and 1.0 m below the surface, depending on land use and drainage intensity. The lowered GWT enhances aeration and activates a cascade of transformations collectively referred to as the mursh-forming process. This permanent drainage creates practical problems related to the identification of organic material, which, according to the Polish Soils Classification, must meet the criterion of water saturation for more than 30 days per year (on average over a multi-year period), even after drainage. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the fulfillment of this criterion in thin murshic soils used for agricultural purposes. The research was conducted on soils within the “Racot” subirrigation facility in central Wielkopolska, Poland. Continuous measurements of GWT depth and soil moisture were carried out in 2019–2020. The murshic horizon developed in these soils had an average thickness of 33–35 cm, underlain by sandy material. Mean GWT depths ranged from 0.80 to 0.83 m below surface, with the most frequent range between 0.5 and 1.1 m. During the study period, the GWT never reached the upper boundary of the murshic horizon; only for short periods (6–9 days) did it rise to 0.3–0.4 m below the surface. The degree of water saturation (f = actual/saturated water content) in the murshic horizon typically ranged between 0.60 and 0.70 m³·m⁻³, never attaining full saturation (f =1). Multiple linear regression revealed that GWT depth was the dominant factor controlling degree of water saturation (f), while precipitation and air temperature had secondary, statistically weaker effects. The results demonstrate that drained murshic horizons are not water-saturated for more than 30 days per year. In light of the research conducted, it seems reasonable to remove the obligatory criterion of water saturation (>30 days) in identifying organic material in the next edition of the Polish Soil Classification.
dc.affiliationWydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Inżynierii Mechanicznej
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Gleboznawstwa, Rekultywacji i Geodezji
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Ekologii i Ochrony Środowiska
dc.affiliation.instituteKatedra Melioracji, Kształtowania Środowiska i Gospodarki Przestrzennej
dc.contributor.authorKozłowski, Michał
dc.contributor.authorBorowiak, Klaudia
dc.contributor.authorSojka, Mariusz
dc.contributor.authorKocięcka, Joanna
dc.contributor.authorLiberacki, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorOtremba, Krzysztof
dc.contributor.authorNapierała, Michał
dc.contributor.authorZbierska, Anna
dc.contributor.authorOliskiewicz-Krzywicka, Anna
dc.date.access2025-12-02
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-02T08:34:06Z
dc.date.available2025-12-02T08:34:06Z
dc.date.copyright2025-12-01
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.accesstimeat_publication
dc.description.bibliographyil., bibliogr.
dc.description.financepublication_act
dc.description.financecost1599,00
dc.description.number12
dc.description.points20
dc.description.versionfinal_published
dc.description.volume26
dc.identifier.doi10.12912/27197050/214009
dc.identifier.issn2719-7050
dc.identifier.urihttps://sciencerep.up.poznan.pl/handle/item/6171
dc.identifier.weblinkhttps://www.ecoeet.com/Classification-issues-of-drained-organic-soils-in-relation-to-selected-features-of,214009,0,2.html
dc.languageen
dc.pbn.affiliationenvironmental engineering, mining and energy
dc.relation.ispartofEcol. Eng. Environ. Tech.
dc.relation.pages199-211
dc.rightsCC-BY
dc.sciencecloudnosend
dc.share.typeOPEN_JOURNAL
dc.subject.endrainage
dc.subject.enorganic soil
dc.subject.enmurshic horizon
dc.subject.enorganic material
dc.subject.endegree of saturation
dc.subject.enPolish Soil Classification.
dc.titleClassification issues of drained organic soils in relation to selected features of soil water regime: A case study from central Poland
dc.typeJournalArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue12
oaire.citation.volume26